昆明机场鼠类种群分布及季节消长  

Investigation on Rats Distribution and Regular growth and Decline at Kunming Airport

作　　者：周晓梅[1] 李富华[1] 陶洪[1] 王云济[1] 张厘[1] 李彦忠[1] 田学文[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省卫生防疫站,昆明650022

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》1999年第5期336-339,共4页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的 :了解机场鼠害情况 ,为制定有效灭鼠措施提供科学依据。方法 :用夹夜法测定鼠密度。结果 :共捕鼠 30 5只 ,隶属 2目 3科 5属 6种 ,鼠密度为 2 3.0 % ( 30 5 /132 8) ,褐家鼠为优势鼠种。食品厂和供应科鼠密度较高 ,分别为 30 .4%和 30 .3% ;全年鼠密度有 2个高峰期 ,分别是6～ 8月和 2～ 4月。鼠种构成 :褐家鼠占 5 8.0 % ( 177/30 5 ) ,黄胸鼠占 17.8% ( 5 4/30 5 ) ,小家鼠占2 .6% ( 8/30 5 ) ,大绒鼠占 1.3% ( 4/30 5 ) ,齐氏姬鼠占 11.5 % ( 35 /30 5 ) ,臭占 8.9% ( 2 7/30 5 )。以家栖鼠类为主 ,占 78.4% ( 2 39/30 5 ) ;野栖鼠类占 2 1.6% ( 66/30 5 )。结论 :昆明机场鼠害严重 ,必须采取有效措施 ,把鼠密度控制在不足为害的水平。In order to know rat distribution and regular growth and decline ,to provide scientific basis for rat control, an investigation of rats was carrid out at Kunming airport during April of 1997 to March of 1998.Rats were caught with cages and clips and rat density was measured by the method which rat cages and clips were put in the early evening and fetched in the next morning once a month. A total of 305 rats were caught, and subordinate to 2 orders 3 families 5 genera 6 species. Rat density was 23.0%(305/ 1 328 ), Rattus norvegicus is a species of superior rat at Kunming airport. There are two peak periods of rat density in the year ,June to August and February to April, respectively.The species and their composition ratio are listed below: Rattus norvegicus 58.0 %(177/305), R. flavipectus 17.8 %(54/305), Mus musculus 2.6%(8/305), Eothenomys miletus 1.3%(4/305), Apodemus cheverieri 11.5%(35/305) and Suncus murinus 8.9%(27/305). Domestic rats were of main kinds, 78.4 %(239/305),wild rats 21.6%(66/305). The result showed that rat infestation was very serious at Kunming airport.It is very necessary to take effective measures and scientific methods to exterminate rats to reduce rat density.

关 键 词：鼠密度 种群分布 季节消长 昆明机场 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学]