杀虫剂轮用和混用对害虫种群抗性演化的影响  

INFLUENCE OF ROTATION AND MIXTURE TREATMENTS OF TWO PESTICIDES ON THE EVOLUTION OF PEST POPULATION RESISTANCE TO PESTICIDES

作　　者：莫建初[1] 庄佩君[1] 唐振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海昆虫研究所,上海200025

出　　处：《昆虫学报》1999年第4期337-346,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"八五"攻关项目;中国科学院重点资助项目

摘　　要：杀虫剂轮用和混用是当前害虫抗药性治理中最常采用的两种用药策略。该文用抗性模型和室内试验对轮用和混用延缓害虫抗性演化的效果及轮用最佳间隔期问题作了研究。模型模拟结果表明,在延缓害虫抗性演化方面轮用和混用对抗性演化的影响主要取决于杀虫剂作用强度、抗性基因型个体的适合度大小和杀虫剂混用后的毒理效应类型。两种杀虫剂轮用时,轮用间隔期以1(即两种杀虫剂隔次施用)为佳。以模型昆虫小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella在室内试验结果表明,氰戊菊酯单用(I)及与杀虫单轮用(II)和混用(1∶1)(III)连续处理8代后,抗性个体频率为001的小菜蛾种群其3龄幼虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性分别上升了7587(I)、2867(II)和5872(III)倍,与模型模拟结果表现出较好的一致性。据此,作者认为抗性模型可用于预测害虫抗性演化和评价抗性治理策略。The rotation and mixture treatments of pesticides are two main strategies of pesticide application in the management of pest resistance to pesticides.The comparison of influences of the rotation and mixture treatments on the resistance evolution and the best interval period for rotation treatment of two pesticides were studied using resistance models and experiments in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, a “synthetic population” with 0 01 initial frequency of resistant individuals in laboratory.The simulating results on the computer indicated that the effect of rotation and mixture treatments on the resistance evolution was mainly depended on the intensity of action of pesticides,the fitness value of resistant genotype individuals and the mode of action of the mixture of the two pesticides.As for delaying the resistance evolution,the best effect could be gained under any circumstance if two pesticides were applied alternatively at every two applications.After treatments of 8 generations,the bioassay results indicated that the resistance ratio of the 3rd instar larvae to fenvalerate by the leaf dip method was 75 87 for successive treatment with fenvalerate,28 67 for rotation treatment of fenvalerate and methylpo and 58 72 for mixture treatment of fenvalerate and methylpo.These data showed that the results from the simulation of system models had a good consistency with the bioassay results from the experimental population of the diamondback moth.It suggested that this system could be used to predict the resistance development and evaluate the resistance management strategies of pest population.

关 键 词：杀虫剂 轮用 混用 小菜蛾 抗性演化 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S481.4[农业科学—植物保护]