Species- and Habitat-variability of Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Water Use Efficiency of Different Plant Species in Maowusu Sand Area   

毛乌素沙地若干植物光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率种间及生境间差异(英文)

作　　者：蒋高明[1] 何维明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植物生态学与生物多样性保育中心,北京100093

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1999年第10期1114-1124,共11页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：中国科学院"九五"重大项目!(No .K2 95 1_B1_10 8);国家重点基础研究专项经费资助! ( 973计划No .G19980 10 10 0 )

摘　　要：Photosynthesis ( P n ), transpiration ( E ) and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of more than 66 arid sand species from different environmental habitats, shifting sand dune, fixed sand dune, lowland and wetland in the Maowusu Sand Area were analyzed and the relation among these characteristics and the resource utilization efficiency, taxonomic categories and growth forms of the species were assessed. The results showed that species from Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae which possessed the C 4 photosynthesis pathway, or C 3 pathway and also with nitrogen_fixation capacities had higher or the highest P n values, i.e., 20～30 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 , while that of evergreen shrub of Pinaceae had the lowest P n values, i.e., 0～5 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 . Those species from Compositae, Scrophulariaceae, and Gramineae with C 3 pathway but no N_fixation capacity had the highest E rates, i.e., 20～30 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 and again the evergreen shrub together with some species from Salicaceae and Compositae had the lowest E rates, i.e., 0～5 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 . Species from Leguminosae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae with C 4 pathway or C 3 pathway with N_fixation capacity, both shrubs and grasses, generally had higher WUE . However, even the physiological traits of the same species were habitat_ and season_specific. The values of both P n and E in late summer were much higher than those in early summer, with average increases of 26%, 40% respectively in the four habitats. WUE in late summer was, however, 12% lower. Generally, when the environments became drier as a result of habitats changed, i.e., in the order of wetland, lowland, fixed sand dune and shifting sand dune, P n and E decreased but WUE increased.报道了内蒙古毛乌素沙地不同生境下66种不同科属植物的光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率特征。这几种生境包括流动沙丘、固定沙丘、滩地和湿地,所分布的植物与表现的生理生态特征不同。研究结果表明:藜科、禾本科、豆科等具有C4光合碳同化途径或具固氮能力的植物具有较高的光合能力,其净光合速率20～30μmolCO2·m-2·s-1;而松柏科的常绿植物具最低的光合速率,0～5μmolCO2·m-2·s-1。菊科、玄参科、禾本科等具C3途径和无固氮能力的植物蒸腾作用最高,为20～30mmolH2O·m-2·s-1;松柏科、杨柳科和菊科的个别植物蒸腾速率很低,为0～5mmolH2O·m-2·s-1。豆科、禾本科和藜科中具C4光合途径或固氮能力的一些植物(灌木或草本植物)具有较高的水分利用效率。然而,植物的这些生理生态指标随不同季节和生境表现出不同的特点,在晚夏季所测的净光合速率、蒸腾速率分别比初夏季高26%和40%,而水分利用效率下降12%。从总体趋势来看,随着生境沿着由湿到干的不同水分供应等级,如从湿地、滩地、固定沙丘至流动沙丘,光合作用和蒸腾作用呈现减弱的趋势。

关 键 词：PHOTOSYNTHESIS TRANSPIRATION Water use efficiency HABITAT C  4 pathway SHRUBS Grasses Maowusu Sand Area 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学] Q948.44