氮肥运筹对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Management on the Yield and N Use Efficiency of Rice

作　　者：张满利 陈盈 侯守贵 于广星 李海波 王有芬 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省稻作研究所,辽宁沈阳110101

出　　处：《作物杂志》2010年第6期46-50,共5页Crops

基　　金：辽宁省农业攻关(2008201003);辽宁省稻作研究所青年人才发展基金(DZS-2008-2)

摘　　要：以辽星1号和辽优5218为供试材料,通过大田试验研究氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,辽星1号处理B(4∶3∶2∶1)产量达11572.5kg/hm2,显著高于对照处理,增产幅度为16.7%;同时,该处理氮肥利用率也较高;C(4∶3∶2)处理在降低10%氮肥用量的条件下仍然能够获得较高的产量,比对照增产15.8%。辽优5218以D(3∶5∶2)处理产量最高,达到12768.9kg/hm2,同时,氮肥农学利用率和氮素稻谷生产率也较高。本研究认为,对于大穗型品种,应适当提高分蘖肥的比例,以提高有效穗数;而对于穗粒兼顾型品种来说,则应适当地施用粒肥,以促进形成大穗并提高千粒重,从而使产量和氮肥利用率得到提高。Japonica cultivar Liaoxing 1 and japonica hybrid cultivar Liaoyou 5218 were selected to study the influences of nitrogen management on the yield and N use efficiency of rice in 2009.The results showed that the yield of Liaoxing 1 reached at 11 572.5kg/hm2 under the B（4∶3∶2∶1）treatment,which was increased up to 16.7% compared to that of the D（3∶5∶2）treatment.Meanwhile,the N use efficiency of Liaoxing 1 was relatively high under the B（4∶3∶2∶1）treatment.We also found that the yield of Liaoxing 1 under the C（4∶3∶2）treatment was higher than that of the D（3∶5∶2）treatment,regardless of the decreased N fertilizer application rate up to 10%.On the other hand,the highest yield of Liaoyou 5218 was obtained under the D（3∶5∶2）treatment,along with its N agronomic efficiency and nitrogen grain production efficiency higher relative to those under the other treatments too.The results suggested that,for the big panicle variety,the proportion of tiller fertilizer should be increased to improve the effective panicles,but,for panicle-grain variety,the application of grain fertilizer would benefit the formation of a large panicle and increased grain weight.In this way,the rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency could be improved.

关 键 词：水稻 氮肥运筹 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]