超高产小麦周麦16号生理生化特性和灌浆规律研究  

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Grain-filling Mode of Super-high-yield Wheat Zhoumai 16

作　　者：王丽娜 殷贵鸿 韩玉林 黄峰 唐建卫 于海飞 陈龙[2] 杨光宇 李新平 

机构地区：[1]河南省周口市农业科学院,河南周口466001 [2]周口师范学院生物系,河南周口466001

出　　处：《作物杂志》2010年第6期83-86,共4页Crops

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化项目(2009GB2D000548);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项课题(2008ZX08002-003);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-03);河南省重大科技专项"超级小麦新品种选育与示范"(081100110500);国家863计划项目(2006AA100102)

摘　　要：以豫麦49号和豫麦18号为对照,对超高产小麦品种周麦16号灌浆过程中的生理生化特性及其产量性状进行了研究。结果表明,周麦16号与对照品种豫麦49号和豫麦18号相比,在株高显著降低及生物学产量不变的情况下,收获指数分别提高19.3%和16.2%,达极显著和显著水平,株粒重分别提高17.2%和14.3%,均达显著水平;后期光合速率分别提高70.8%和34.2%,达极显著水平;气冠温差在小麦的发育过程中处于较低水平,较对照豫麦49号和豫麦18号分别低62.5%和85.0%,差异达极显著水平;灌浆中后期,一直保持较高的灌浆速率;可溶性蛋白与叶绿素含量降解速度较慢;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较高,丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。说明周麦16号具有良好的光、热利用能力,光合持续期长,中后期植株衰老较慢,源、库、流较为协调均衡,有利于子粒光合产物的积累,增加子粒饱满度,子粒产量有"超越性"增加。The physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield traits of super-high-yield wheat variety Zhoumai 16 during grain filling stage were investigated.The result showed that compared with Yumai 18 and 49,the harvest index of Zhoumai 16 was significantly improved by up to 19.3% and 16.2% while maintaining the same level of biomass production with decreased plant height.The grain weight was significantly improved up to 17.2% and 14.3%,whereas the degradation speed of soluble protein and chlorophyll content was slow,but the SOD enzyme activity and proline content remained higher and the content of physiological activity inhibitor MDA was lower.It showed that Zhoumai 16 could make good use of light,temperature and water and longer photosynthesizes process could delay plant aging and help to accumulate photosynthetic products in wheat kernels to increase plumpness,resulting in significant yield increase.

关 键 词：超高产小麦 周麦16号 生理生化特性 灌浆规律 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]