从词源角度看“文明”与“国家”  

作　　者：易建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《历史研究》2010年第6期27-35,共9页Historical Research

摘　　要：人类文明的发展既遵循共同的规律,又具有各自的特点,表现出一般性与特殊性的统一。中国古代文明在人类文明史上占据重要地位,既与人类文明发展的一般规律相适应,又具有自己鲜明的民族特色。对中国古代文明与国家起源的研究,不能脱离与世界其他文明相比较的方法和视角。20世纪80年代之后,中国古代文明与国家起源问题引起学界广泛关注,产生了一批重要成果。近年来,随着更多考古学材料的发掘和文化人类学理论的应用,学界关于这一问题的研究取得诸多新进展。《历史研究》编辑部约请部分学者撰文分别从考古学、传世文献、文化人类学理论以及语言文字的角度对这一问题进行探讨,希冀促进相关研究的深入。Different civilizations not only develop in accordance with common laws,but also show their own characteristics,combining generality and particularity. Ancient Chinese civilization,which constitutes an important part of the history of human civilization,is subject to the laws of development of human civilization but also has its own distinctive national characteristics. In studying the origin of ancient Chinese civilization and state,comparisons with other civilizations are inevitable in terms of both methodology and point of view. Exploration of this issue will help deepen our understanding of the generality and diversity of human civilizations. Since the 1980s,the origin of ancient Chinese civilization and state has attracted widespread attention in academic circles and resulted in important academic achievements. In recent years particularly,with the unearthing of more archaeological materials and the application of theories of cultural anthropology,much progress has been made. Against this background,the SSIC Editorial Office invited some scholars to discuss this issue from the point of view respectively of archeology,ancient literature,cultural anthropology and language and script,in the hope of promoting further research.

关 键 词：“文明” “国家” 文化人类学家 词源 考古学家 社会学家 治理结构 社会结构 

分 类 号：K03[历史地理—历史学]