周家台秦简历谱系年与秦时期历法  

A Study of the Almanacs and Calendars Recorded on the Inscribed Bamboo Slips Unearthed from the Qin Dynasty Zhoujiatai Tomb

作　　者：李忠林[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院,副教授兰州730020

出　　处：《历史研究》2010年第6期36-53,共18页Historical Research

基　　金："中国博士后科学基金"(编号:20080441204)支持

摘　　要：周家台秦墓竹简69—91所记历谱无论系于秦始皇三十六年、三十七年,还是秦王政十年、十一年,都不能与"古六历"及其衍生历法相容。秦时期历法步朔与古六历无涉,但秦时期历法的"阳历因素"可能按颛顼历排定。秦时期历法以公元前361年之前一年10月丁巳为朔余无的朔望月起算点,依四分术步朔,置闰法则按照3—3—3—2—3—3—2的序列人为安排,虽不知原始起点,但秦王政二年当是一个序列(一章)的起点。由此可以给出这一时段的朔闰表。The calendrical records inscribed on bamboo slips nos. 69—91 from the Qin Zhoujiatai tomb,whether for the 36th and 37th years of Qin Shi Huang or the tenth and eleventh years of his reign as King of Qin (秦王政) are not consistent with the Six Ancient Calendars(古六历) or their derivations. The method of predicting the calendrical new moon (历法步朔) in the Qin calendar is unrelated to the Six Ancient Calendars,but its 'solar calendar elements' (阳历因素)may have been arranged according to the Zhuxu Calendar (颛顼历). The Qin calendar took dingsi (丁巳) of the tenth month of the year before 361 BC as the starting point of the lunar month; its prediction of the calendrical new moon was consistent with the quarter-day calender (四分术) and its method of intercalation was artificially arranged in a sequence of 3-3-3-2-3-3-2. Although we do not know its original starting point,the second year of Qin Shi Huang's reign as King of Qin can be taken to be the starting point of a sequence (chapter). On this basis we can reconstruct the calendar of this period.

关 键 词：秦时期 周家台秦简 历谱 古六历 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]