猪场废水灌溉对冬小麦耗水和水分利用效率的影响  

Water Consumption and Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat with Swine Wastewater Irrigation

作　　者：王风[1,2] 张克强[1] 黄治平[1] 杨鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050021

出　　处：《土壤》2010年第6期993-997,共5页Soils

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD17B02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(农业部环境保护科研监测所)资助

摘　　要：应用养殖废水进行农田灌溉是解决农业水资源不足的重要途径,特别在水资源严重短缺的华北地区。本文通过田间小区试验应用不同处理阶段的猪场废水稀释(分别应用原水、厌氧水和氧化塘水与清水进行1∶5稀释)和厌氧水不同量(830m3/hm2,简称"厌高";500m3/hm2,简称"厌中";160m3/hm2,简称"厌低")灌溉冬小麦,应用中子仪定期监测土壤含水量,结合降水量、灌溉量分析了冬小麦生育期耗水量和水分利用效率。结果表明:返青拔节水后,厌氧水不同量灌溉处理170cm土体贮水量和冬小麦耗水量分别呈现厌中>厌高>厌低和厌高>厌中>厌低的趋势;不同处理阶段的猪场废水稀释灌溉处理土壤贮水量差别较小,基本稳定在650～700mm之间。厌氧水不同灌溉量处理和不同处理阶段猪场废水稀释灌溉处理水分利用效率分别呈厌中>厌低>厌高和厌清1∶5>塘清1∶5>原清1∶5>清水的趋势。耗水量分别与灌溉量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率间达到5%显著相关水平。本文建议高效的养殖废水利用效率模式为厌氧水中量灌溉和厌清1∶5、塘清1∶5稀释灌溉。Livestock wastewater irrigation is an important way to alleviate the problem of water shortage,especially in North China Plain.In this paper different treating stages of swine wastewater were used for wheat irrigation by the field experiment method.Soil water contents were monitored in each week.Water consumption and use efficiency（WUE） were analyzed with the precipitation and irrigation amount.The results showed that：Soil water storages and consumptions under different anaerobic quotas were in order of ManaeHanaeLanae and HanaeManaeLanae,respectively.Soil water storages of different treating stages of swine wastewater irrigation were insignificant,and stable in range of 650 mm to 700 mm.WUE of different treatments followed by ManaeLanaeHanae and Tanae：gw1：5Teco：gw1：5 Tori：gw1：5CK.Water consumption had significant correlations with irrigation quota,WUE and irrigation efficiency,respectively.Manae,Tanae：gw1：5 and Teco：gw1：5 were recommended as high WUE patterns of swine wastewater.

关 键 词：猪场废水 冬小麦 灌溉 耗水 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]