警察职业倦怠现状及影响因素研究  

Analysis on status and influential factors of job burnout of police

作　　者：李富业[1] 陶宁[1] 邢睿[1] 刘继文[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2010年第6期466-468,共3页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2009S51);新疆医科大学科研创新基金项目(2007-4);新疆医科大学Ⅰ期研究生创新基金项目(DC2010-2)

摘　　要：目的了解警察职业倦怠水平现状及其影响因素,为制定警察职业倦怠干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取420名警察作为样本进行问卷调查,收回符合要求量表388份进行分析。结果①警察情感耗竭、人格解体和成就感降低的检出率分别是20.36%、53.87%和63.40%。轻度、中度和重度职业倦怠的检出率分别是34.02%、43.30%和10.82%;②职业紧张、控制感、消极应对与职业倦怠呈正相关[相关系数(r)分别为0.685、0.182和0.107,P<0.05];社会支持、积极应对与职业倦怠呈负相关(r分别为-0.305和-0.237,P<0.01);③控制感、消极应对和支持利用度对情感耗竭有显著的预测作用,总贡献率为15.61%;职业紧张、积极应对、警衔和性别对人格解体有显著的预测作用,总贡献率为40.00%;主观支持、积极应对、支持利用度和学历对成就感降低有显著的预测作用,总贡献率为17.99%。职业紧张、控制感、社会支持等对职业倦怠有显著的预测作用,总贡献率为45.65%。结论警察职业倦怠比较严重,受到社会支持和应对方式的调节,应采取积极措施进行干预。Objective To analyze the status of job burnout in police and its influential factors and to provide an aid for intervention of job burnout problem.Methods 420 participants sampled with stratified cluster random methods were asked by questionnaires.388 available questionnaires were analyzed.Results ①The results displayed that the prevalences of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment were 20.36%,53.87% and 63.40% respectively.The preva-lences of slight burnout,moderate burnout,high burnout were 34.02%,43.30% and 10.82% respectively.②There were positive correlations between job burnout and occupational stress,locus of control,negative coping（r=0.685,0.182,0.107;P〈0.05）,while negative correlations between job burnout and social support,positive coping（r=-0.305,-0.237;P〈0.01）.③The significant influential factors of emotional exhaustion were locus of control,negative coping style and availability of support,which the total variance accounted for 15.61%.The significant influential factors of depersonalization were occupational stress,positive coping,police ranks and sex,which the total variance accounted for 40.00%.Subjective support,positive coping style,availability of support and academic career,which the total variance accounted for 17.99% were significant predictors of lack of personal accomplishment.The significant influential factors of job burnout were occupational stress,locus of control,social support and so on,which the total variance accounted for 45.65%.Conclusion Job burnout mediated by social support and coping styles among police is serious.It should take some positive measures to intervene the job burnout.

关 键 词：警察 职业倦怠 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]