基于有限元的一种新型螺母的防松机理研究  

STUDY ON MECHANISM OF ANTI-LOOSENING OF A NEW TYPE OF NUT BASED ON FEM

作　　者：杨广雪[1] 谢基龙[1] 谢云叶[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学轨道车辆结构可靠性与运用检测技术教育部工程研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《工程力学》2010年第12期224-228,243,共6页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50875019);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB714705)

摘　　要：利用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立一种新型防松螺母和标准螺母的三维有限元模型,并分别与标准螺栓装配。首先分析在循环横向载荷作用下,锁紧后的标准螺母螺栓预紧力和啮合螺纹间微滑移的变化趋势;随后比较了相同初始预紧力条件下,新型防松螺母和标准螺母承受一定的循环横向载荷时剩余预紧力和啮合螺纹微滑移。结果表明,循环横向载荷下,预紧力的降低和啮合螺纹间的微滑移是螺栓联结松动的主要原因;初始预紧力对剩余预紧力百分比和微滑移有较大影响,在允许条件下应尽量增大预紧力;同时,该防松螺母具有较好的抵抗自松动的能力,这与试验结果吻合较好。最后研究了防松螺母的防松机理以及工作时产生的附加弯矩随预紧力的变化趋势。A three dimensional finite element model for a new type anti-loosening nut and a standard nut were established in the commercial package ABAQUS,and both fitted with standard bolts.The changing trend of the preload and microslip of an engaged screw between a standard bolt and nut after lock under a transverse cyclic load were analyzed.Then with the same initial preload,the residual preload and microslip of the engaged screw of a new type anti-loosening nut under certain transverse loads were compared with a standard nut.It is found that under transverse cyclic loads,the decrease of the preload and microslip of the engaged screw were responsible for the loosening of bolt connections.Also,an initial preload has comparatively large influence upon the percentage of a residual preload and microslip of an engaged screw,and the preload should be increased as high as possible.Meanwhile,this anti-loosening nut has good ability of resisting self-loosening,which is correlated to the test result.Finally,the variations of additional bending moment with different preloads was investigated,when the anti-loosening nut work.

关 键 词：有限元 防松螺母 预紧力 微滑移 横向载荷 

分 类 号：TH131.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]