新疆春季降水异常的环流和水汽特征  

Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation and Water Vapor for Spring Precipitation Anomaly in Xinjiang

作　　者：杨莲梅[1] 史玉光[2] 汤浩 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《高原气象》2010年第6期1464-1473,共10页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951001);国家自然科学基金项目(41075049);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IDM200802)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2007年新疆75个气象站月降水量资料和NECP/NCAR逐日4次再分析资料(2.5°×2.5°),分析了新疆3~5月降水异常环流、水汽输送和收支特征,以及环流和水汽异常对整个水汽输送异常的贡献。结果表明,斯堪的纳维亚环流型(SCA环流型)是造成新疆春季各月降水异常的主要环流型。3月水汽输送量最小,4~5月相当,各层西边界为主要流入界,东边界为主要流出界,西风气流输送水汽多少决定降水异常。各月降水偏多的水汽输送异常表现为3月出现巴伦支海—新地岛以东向南到里海、咸海—巴尔喀什湖水汽输送异常,然后其随西风气流进入新疆;4月出现西伯利亚向里海、咸海地区和阿拉伯半岛向里海、咸海水汽输送异常,而后其随西风气流进入新疆;5月出现西伯利亚向咸海—巴尔喀什湖、巴伦支海向南到地中海东部的水汽输送异常,同时还出现红海向地中海东部和阿拉伯海向北到中亚的水汽输送异常,高、低纬向中纬水汽输送异常并汇合于中纬后沿西风气流进入新疆。各月环流异常对整个水汽输送异常起主要作用。The interseasonal characteristics of atmospheric circulation,water vapor（WV） transportation and budget are analyzed using the monthly rainfall data at 75 stations in Xinjiang and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis dataset from 1961 to 2007,as well as contributions from circulations and WV anomalies respectively on the whole WV transportations anomalies.The analyzed results show that Scandinavian pattern（SCA） plays a leading role on precipitation anomalies in March^May in Xinjiang.WV transportation quantity（WVTQ） is the least in March,and the equality in April and May.West and east boundaries are charged with the dominating importing and exporting borderline of WV,respectively at every level,so precipitation anomaly is induced by WVTQ variations along westerly.While in positive precipitation months WV transportation anomaly expresses that it appears strong WV from Barents Sea-north to Novaya Zemlya to Caspian Sea-Aral Sea-Balkhash Oz.,and then continue entering into Xinjiang along the westerly in March;it exits WV transportation anomaly from Siberia to Caspian Sea-Aral Sea and from Arabian Peninsula to Caspian Sea-Aral Sea,and go on inflowing Xinjiang along the westerly in April.It expressed 4 WV transportation anomaly paths in May.First,WV transportation anomaly is found from Siberia to Aral Sea-Balkhash Oz.;second from Barents Sea to eastern Mediterranean;third from Red Sea to eastern Mediterranean;fourth from Arabian Sea to middle-Asia,so WV at high latitude and low latitude converge over middle-Asia and continue transferring into Xinjiang.It is also found that the averaged WV transportation induced by general circulation anomalies takes on dominant role in whole WV transportation anomalies.

关 键 词：新疆 春季降水异常 斯堪的纳维亚环流型 水汽输送 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]