竹缺爪螨生物学特性及其发生与环境的关系  

STUDIES ON BIOLOGY AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF \%APONYCHUS CORPUZAE\% RIMANDO

作　　者：蔡秋锦[1] 张飞萍[1] 钟景辉 刘巧云[2] 张艳旋[3] 

机构地区：[1]福建林学院,南平353001 [2]福建省林业厅森防站,福州350012 [3]福建省农科院植保所,福州350013

出　　处：《林业科学》1999年第6期76-80,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

摘　　要：研究结果表明，竹缺爪螨（ Ａｐｏｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｏｒｐｕｚａｅ Ｒｉｍａｎｄｏ） 营两性或孤雌生殖，孤雌生殖产雄卵；雌螨日产卵１ ～２ 粒，一生平均产卵９－８ 粒；林间自然性比为２－３５∶１ ；该螨以雌成螨和卵滞育，１１ 月中旬入蛰，３ 月上旬出蛰；在一定温度范围内，各螨态发育历期随温度升高而变短，从卵到成螨产卵有效积温为２８０－７６ 日度，发育起始温度为１３－３２ ℃。该螨还可取食苦绿竹（ Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍ ｕｓｂａｓｉｈｉｒｓｕｔａ） 、长毛米筛竹（ Ｂａｍｂｕｓａ ｐａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 、半耳箬竹（ Ｚｎｄｒｏｃａｌｍｕｓｌｏｎｇｉａｕｒｔｕｓ） ，并完成其生活史，在麻竹（ Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｏｐｓｉｓｌａｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ） 、毛金竹（ Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｎｉｇｒａ） 上不能存活，在苦绿竹上完成１ 代需１８－４ ｄ；降雨的冲刷及浸水对幼、若、成螨存活影响较大，短期浸水对卵孵化影响不大，浸水１ ｄ 后卵孵化率降至３０－６５ ％ 。利用灰色关联度（Ｔｈｅ Ｇｒａｙ Ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ） 方法分析湿度、气温、降雨量、天敌４ 个因子对该螨种群消长的影响，结果表明，４ 个因子对幼、若、成螨数量消长的关联序为湿度＞ 降雨量＞ 天敌?Aponychus corpuzae runs bisexual reproduction or arrhenotoky; Female adult oviposits 1～2 eggs every day and the total is 9.8 eggs averagely in life cycle, The sex ratio is 2.35∶1 in nature. Female adults and eggs in diapause from November to March the following year. In certain temperature range, the mites growth become quicker with the rising of the temperature, and their growth accumulated temperature from egg to lying egg is 280.76 d.℃. Besides \%Phyllostachys heterocycla,\% the mites can aslo feed on the leaves of Dendrocalamus basihirsuta, Pleioblastus incannatus, Indocalamus longiuritus\% and \%Bambusa pachinensis,\% and complete their life cycle, but can't feed on \%D.latiflorus\% and \%Phyllostachys nigras\%. short\|term raining cause the larvae, nymphs and adults to die intensely, 69.35% mortality are found from the egg soaked in water over 24 hours. Analysis result by the gray sequence theory indicates: the gray sequence of factors to the amount of the larvae, nymphs and adults is humidity>rainfall>natural enemy>air temperature, and of factors to the eggs or the population is all humidity>natural enemy>rainfall>air temperature.

关 键 词：竹缺爪螨 有效积温 灰色关联度 生物学特性 毛竹 

分 类 号：S763.757.2[农业科学—森林保护学]