19世纪60年代—20世纪初期俄国的信用合作化运动  

On the Russian Credit Cooperative Movement during 1860s to early 20th century

作　　者：袁丽丽[1] 张广翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第6期148-152,共5页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：吉林大学基本科研业务费哲社研究创新团队建设项目(2009TD005)

摘　　要：信用合作社的建立与19世纪60年代的"大改革"息息相关,一方面改革为合作社的建立创造了良好的氛围,另一方面改革后农民生存愈发艰难,如何改善农民生活、防止农民无产阶级化已成为一个刻不容缓的社会问题。信用合作社由此应运而生。革命前,信用合作社的发展可分为萌芽、摇篮、普及、体制确立四个时期。合作社的活动,在经济上缓解了高利贷商和中间商对小生产者的盘剥,促进了农村工业现代化。在文化教育方面,合作社活动在一定程度上提升了成员的独立、自主意识以及责任感。The founding of credit cooperatives closely related to the Great Reforms in 1860s.On one hand,reforms had created favorable conditions for the cooperatives＇ founding;on the other hand,peasants＇ life had gone into a decline after reforms so that making peasants＇ life better and preventing the proletarianization of peasants were becoming the urgent social problems.Thus credit cooperatives emerged at that moment.The development of credit cooperatives before revolution can be divided into four periods： sprout,cradle,popularization and establishment.Certainly credit cooperatives had brought about some achievements： economically,the exploitation of small producer by usury merchant and middleman had been eased and rural industry had been modernized;educationally,people＇s consciousness of independence and responsibility had been promoted in a certain extent.

关 键 词：信用合作社 俄国 改革 战争 

分 类 号：K512.4[历史地理—历史学]