聚合物负载季鏻盐催化CO_2与环氧化物的环加成反应  

Cycloaddition of CO_2 and Epoxides Catalyzed by Polymer-Supported Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

作　　者：熊玉兵[1] 崔紫鹏[1] 王鸿[1] 王玉娇[1] 王荣民[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学化学化工学院,生态环境相关高分子材料教育部重点实验室,甘肃省高分子材料重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《催化学报》2010年第12期1473-1477,共5页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(20804031);甘肃省自然科学基金(2007GS03612)

摘　　要：制备了聚合物负载的季鏻盐催化剂,并用于CO2与环氧氯丙烷环加成反应中.采用红外光谱、热分析、原子吸收光谱和扫描电子显微镜等手段测定了催化剂的结构、热性能、磷元素含量和表面形貌等.考察了CO2压力、温度、催化剂用量和反应时间等对环加成反应性能的影响.结果表明,在催化剂用量为0.09g,CO2压力为4.5MPa,于150oC反应6h时,3-氯甲基环碳酸酯收率可达97.7%,选择性大于99%.且催化剂易分离回收,重复使用5次后产物收率和选择性没有明显下降.同时探讨了该催化剂上CO2环加成合成环碳酸酯的可能机理.Polymer-supported quaternary phosphonium salts were explored to catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides. The results indicated that this heterogeneous catalyst possessed high activity and selectivity in the cycloaddition reaction. The catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influence of CO2 pressure,reaction temperature,reaction time,and catalyst amount on the cycloaddition reaction was investigated. Excellent yield （97.7%） and high selectivity （ 99%） of cyclic carbonates were achieved under the conditions of p（CO2） = 4.5 MPa,150 oC,6 h,and catalyst 0.09 g. The cata-lyst could be recovered easily and reused several times. A possible reaction mechanism for the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxide to cyclic carbonate over the polymer-supported quaternary phosphonium salt was discussed.

关 键 词：聚合物 季鏻盐 二氧化碳 环氧化物 环加成 环碳酸酯 

分 类 号：O643.32[理学—物理化学]