伊犁河谷新垦绿洲表层土壤粒度特征  

Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Particles in a Newly Reclaimed Area in Ili Valley

作　　者：靳建辉[1,2] 李志忠[1,2,3] 凌智永[3] 马鹏[1,2] 吴美榕[1,2] 齐升吉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007 [2]湿润亚热带山地生态省部共建国家重点实验室,福建福州350007 [3]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第6期7-11,16,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目"伊犁河谷水土流失综合治理关键技术开发与研究"(2007BAC15B07);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目"近30年来伊犁塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠动态变化研究"(200821103)

摘　　要：在新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁河谷察布查尔县农林示范区采集表层土壤样品84个,测试分析了土壤粒度组成和粒度参数,结合示范区土地利用现状,采用空间异质性方法研究了新垦绿洲表层土壤的粒度变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明,研究区表层土壤机械组成以粉沙和黏粒为主,其中粉沙和黏粒含量属于弱至中等变异强度;由东南向西北,平均粒径表现为振荡变小的趋势,频率曲线依次为正偏、近对称、负偏的空间格局。母质、地貌等结构性因素是控制研究区表层土壤粒径空间分布的主要因素,人为的农林垦殖活动等随机性因素加剧了示范区表层土壤粒径的结构变化。其中,低洼区表层土壤粒度组成中的黏粒含量增加,土壤板结现象加重,诱发了土壤次生盐渍化,这是新垦荒地资源可持续利用必须重视和解决的农业生态问题。Aiming at the problem of soil salinization existed inside oasis,grain-size of 84 typical samples in Ili Valley,Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region was tested.Spatial variability of soil salinity in topsoil and its relationship with landscape structure were studied in combination of geo-statistics methods.Results showed that mechanical composition of topsoil was mainly composed of silt and clay.Variation degree of silt and clay contents changed from the weak to the medium.Averaged diameter was gradually decreased and frequency curve exhibited a pattern with positive excursion,nearly symmetric excursion,and negative excursion from east to west.Structural factors like parent material and landform were the main factors which control the spatial distribution of surface soil particles.Random factors like irrigation and tillage intensified the spatial distribution of surface soil particles.It is the most important agro-ecological problem that percentage content of silt was increased in mechanical composition of sag area.Soil hardening and secondary salinization were intensified in the sustainable utilization process of newly cultivated oasis resource.

关 键 词：粒度特征 表层土壤 空间分异 伊犁河谷 新疆维吾尔自治区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]