黄土高原坡地苹果园土壤质量演变研究——以陕西省富县为例  

Evolution of Orchard Soil Quality on Sloping Land in the Loess Plateau——A Case Study of Fuxian County,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：陈磊[1,2] 李占斌[1,2] 李鹏[1] 郝明德[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第6期86-90,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展(973)计划项目"中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控机制研究"(2007CB407206);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD09B02)

摘　　要：采用空间代时间的方法,对不同种植年限苹果园土壤质量演变进行了研究。结果表明,随着种植年限增加,果园土壤pH值有降低趋势;土壤有机碳含量呈缓慢降低趋势。土壤氮磷含量富集;真菌和放线菌数量都表现为先增大后减少的变化规律;但细菌占微生物总量比例呈下降趋势,真菌、放线菌所占比例呈增加的趋势。据主成分分析的结果将不同年限果园土壤质量综合分为:质量最好(9龄果园),良好(5龄和14龄),较差(17和23龄)和差(1龄)共4个等级。农田改建果园后,5a左右进入盛果期,土壤质量状况良好;到第9a时,土壤质量状况最好,土壤养分和酶活性最高;14a左右进入衰退期;至17～23a时土壤质量下降明显,果树退化严重。The evolution of soil quality in orchard with different growing years was studied.Soil studied was alkali at the beginning,but finally was seriously acidified.With growing years prolonging,organic matter showed a declining trend,but nitrogen and phosphorus showed an enriching trend.A decrease-increase trend was presented for both bacteria and fungi,while the actinomycetes showed a linearity increase.The percentage of bacteria over microbe number increased,but fungi and actinomycetes decreased.Soil quality was classified based on principal component analysis.The 9 year orchard had the most excellent quality,the 5 year and 9 year were in good-quality,the 17 year and 23 year were poor,and the 1 year was the worst.After apples were planted in cultivated land,soil quality in orchard became good in full fruit period,soil nutrients and enzyme activity were the highest in the 9 year orchard.The apple trees were in a decline stage after 14 years and a severe degeneration stage after 17～23 years,with soil quality declining as well.

关 键 词：土壤养分 酶活性 微生物 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]