小白杏不同树体部位果枝和花器官形成的规律  

Forming regulation of bearing shoot and floral organ at different parts of limb of little white apricot

作　　者：唐芳[1] 廖康[1] 李军如 侯忠友 吾买尔江 徐麟[3] 张大海[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆轮台县林业局,新疆轮台841600 [3]新疆农业科学院轮台国家果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《经济林研究》2010年第4期67-71,共5页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：自治区科技攻关重点项目"果树品种区划及与其它农作物间作模式的研究"(200731136-2-3);国家科技支撑项目"环塔里木盆地特色林果产业发展关键技术研发与示范"(2007BAD36B06)

摘　　要：为探明杏树结果枝及花芽形成规律,选取栽植密度为2 m×4 m和5 m×6 m的小白杏树,对其行间两侧主枝上不同部位的结果枝类型、花芽和花器官的形成情况进行调查。结果表明,在主枝的不同部位,2 m×4 m和5 m×6 m栽植密度下的结果枝形成自下而上大致呈"少—多—少"的趋势,其中形成比例最多的部位为100～150 cm的长度范围内;2 m×4 m栽植密度下主枝上花芽的形成自上而下亦呈现"少—多—少"的趋势,主要集中在枝条的50～200 cm,5 m×6 m栽植密度下花芽的形成分别以主枝的100～150 cm和200～250 cm为主;2 m×4 m栽植密度下杏树花芽的越冬存活率自下而上不断提高,并在150～200 cm达到最高值,然后下降,5 m×6 m栽植密度下杏树主枝50～100 cm和150～200 cm花芽的越冬存活率较高。2 m×4 m和5 m×6 m栽植密度下主枝各部位的可育花比例均高于败育花,以雌雄蕊等长的比例最高,并且5 m×6 m栽植密度下可育花的比例要普遍高于栽植密度2 m×4 m。小白杏树不同部位结果枝和花器官形成呈现规律分布,不同栽植密度杏树间的结果枝形成、花器官质量表现出一定的差异。In order to research forming regulation of bearing shoot and floral organ in apricot,taking little white apricot in 2 m×4 m and 5 m×6 m planting densities as the subjects,the types of bearing shoots and forming status of flower buds and floral organs in limbs of apricot were investigated at the two sides of the rows.The results showed that the formation of bearing shoots in the two planting densities presented the trend of low-high-low at different parts of limb from high to low,and the ratio of that in limb at 100-150 cm length range was the highest.The formation of flower buds in 5 m×6 m planting density presented the same regulation as bearing shoots,and the flower buds were mainly distributed in limb at the length range of 50-200 cm;the flower buds in 5 m×6 m planting density were mainly distributed in limb at the length ranges of 100-150 cm and 200-250 cm.The survival rate of flower buds living through the winter in 2 m×4 m planting density was increased gradually from high to low,that in limb at the length range of 150-200 cm was the highest,and then descend.The survival rates of flower buds living through the winter in 5 m×6 m planting density were higher in limb at the length ranges of 50-100 cm and 150-200 cm.The ratio of fertile flower was higher than abortion flower,that of pistil equal to stamen type was the highest at any parts of limb in the two planting densities,and the ratio of fertile flower in 5 m×6 m planting density was higher than that in 2 m×4 m planting density.The result indicated that formation of bearing shoot and floral organ at different parts of little white apricot regulation had some regulations,and there were some differences in the forming regulation of bearing shoot and floral organ of little white apricot in 2 m×4m and 5 m×6 m planting density.

关 键 词：杏树 树体部位 结果枝 花芽 花器官 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]