南极长城站(1985—2008)和中山站(1989—2008)风和降水等要素的气候特征  

CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECIPITATION AND WIND AS WELL PRESSURE AND CLOUD AMOUNT AT THE GREAT WALL STATION (1985—2008) AND ZHONGSHAN STATION (1989—2008),ANTARCTIC

作　　者：卞林根[1] 马永锋[1] 逯昌贵[1] 陆龙骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《极地研究》2010年第4期321-333,共13页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAB18B05);IPY中国行动计划项目资助

摘　　要：利用南极长城站和中山站的降水、风、湿度、气压和云量等高质量的地面气象观测资料,对两站基本气候特征和变化趋势进行了分析。结果显示,长城站年降水量为503mm,年际变化呈减少趋势,变化速率为-27mm/10a。长城站和中山站年降水日数均呈下降趋势,变化速率分别为-2.9d/10a和-12.1d/10a。长城站和中山站年平均相对湿度分别为88%和58%。长城站年平均湿度总体上呈不明显下降趋势,中山站没有趋势。长城站盛行风向为西北风,中山站为偏东风,年平均风速分别为7.3m/s和7.1m/s。两站年平均风速呈减小趋势,变化速率分别为-0.09m/s/10a和-0.23m/s/10a。长城站平均大风日数为137d,记录的极大风速为37.2m/s。中山站平均大风日159d,记录的极大风速为50.3m/s。长城站和中山站年平均气压分别为990hPa和985hPa,变化速率分别为0.65hPa/10a和-0.80hPa/10a。其变化趋势相反,并与两站风速和大风日数及降水日数的变化倾向基本相同。长城站和中山站月平均云量分别为8.8和6.2,其差异显示了两站所处气候带的特点,即长城站地区全年阴天多、云量大,中山站则与此相反。The variations and trends of monthly,seasonal and annual mean precipitation,wind, pressure and cloud amount are presented by surface meteorological observation data from the Greatwall station（ GW） and Zhongshan station（ ZS） at the Antractic. The annual mean precipitation is 503mm and its interannual variation trend is negative（-27 mm/10 a） at GW. The variation rates of annual precipitation days at GW and ZS are-2. 9 d/10 a and-12. 1 d/10 a separately. The annual mean of humidity at GW and ZS is 88% and 58% separately. Its interannual variation trend is less different and less significant at the both stations. The prevailing wind is northwest direction at GW and eastern direction at ZS. The annual mean of wind speed is 7. 3 m/s and 7. 1 m/s ,and their variation trend is-0. 09 m/s/10 a and-0. 23 m/s/10 a separately for GW and ZS. The annual mean days of strong wind is 137 d and the recorded maximum wind speed is 37. 2 m/s at GW,and 159d and recorded maximum wind speed is 50. 3 m/s at ZS. The annual mean of pressure above sea level is 990 hPa and 985 hPa,and the variation rate is 0. 65 hPa/10 a and-0. 80 hPa/10 a separately at GW and ZS. The trends are opposite at GW and ZS,which are similar to those of wind speed,strong wind days and precipitation days . The annual mean of cloud amount is 8. 8 and 6. 2 separately at GW and ZS. Its difference shows that these two stations located in the different climate regions.

关 键 词：南极 长城站 中山站 气候特征 

分 类 号：P468.0[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]