铀尾矿库植物修复生境中的节肢动物群落特征研究  

Studies on the Character of the Arthropod Communities in Habitats Repaired by Plants in Uranium Tailings Dam

作　　者：刘雨芳[1] 曾强国[1] 苏文杰[1] 彭梅芳[1] 王成超[1] 刘文海[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学生命科学学院应用生态学研究所,中国湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《生命科学研究》2010年第6期516-522,共7页Life Science Research

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2005AA219040);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871638);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(08JJ3085);湖南省科技厅计划项目(2007FJ4197);湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划资助项目(湘教通〔2010〕244号)

摘　　要：为了解铀尾矿库植物修复生境中的节肢动物群落重建格局与趋势,评价其生态学意义与安全性,研究了我国南方某铀尾矿库区内生长不同植物的修复生境中的节肢动物群落.结果显示,在尾矿沙裸地生境、种植蜈蚣草、苍耳商陆的人工修复生境、自然修复生境与自然对照生境分别采集到0、41、54、59与68种,0、199、760、685与1 699头节肢动物.在自然对照生境中,采集到土壤指示生物蚯蚓,弹尾虫形成明显的优势种,而在3种修复生境中,弹尾虫的数量很低,没有采到蚯蚓.在尾矿沙裸地生境中没有采到节肢动物,与植被修复生境、自然对照生境呈现高度的环境异质性.修复生境的植被覆盖度与植物种类多样性提高,节肢动物群落及各亚群落的物种丰富度与个体数量明显增加,且植物多样性与植被覆盖程度越接近的生境,其中的节肢动物群落及蜘蛛与昆虫亚群落的物种组成与群落外貌越相似.研究表明铀尾矿库植被修复,能有效促进节肢动物群落及各亚群落的重建.In order to understand the ecological impacts on the community reconstruction of arthropods and evaluate the ecological safety after repaired by planting vegetation in uranium tailing,the character of the arthropod communities in repaired habitats by planting different plants in a uranium tailings dam of south of China was studied.The results showed that 0,41,54,59 and 68 species,0,199,760,685 and 1 699 individuals of arthopods were collected in unvegetated and only coverd with uranium tailings sands habitat,habitat planted Pteris vittata（USPV）,habitat planted Xanthium sibiricum and Phytolacca americana（USXP）,habitat repaired by self-sow plants（USEK） and unaffected habitat（NUCK）,respectively.A large number of collembolan individuals and earthworm that was the important indicator organism of soil were found and the collembolan was a dominant species in NUCK habitat.No earthworm and very less number of collembolan individuals were found in 3 kinds of habitats repaired by planting vegetation in the uranium tailingdam.No arthropod individuals were collected in unvegetated and only coverd with uranium tailings sands habitat（UCK）.It showed the greatly environmental heterogeneity comparing the UCK habitat with the vegetation repaired habitats.With the increasing of both the vegetation cover rate and the species richness of plants,the species richness and the number of individuals of the communities and all sub-communities of arthropods remarkable increased.More well-matched in vegetation cover rate and species richness of plants,more similar in species composition and appearance of arthropod communities and sub-communities of spiders and insects in habitats.The results proposed that repaired habitats by planting vegetation in the uranium tailing dam could promote the reconstruction of arthropod communities and all sub-communities.

关 键 词：铀尾矿库 植被修复 节肢动物群落 生态安全评价 

分 类 号：Q958.123[生物学—动物学]