干旱绿洲农田春小麦耗水规律及农业用水变化研究  

Study on Crop Water Consumption and the Change of Agricultural Water Use for Spring Whear in Arid Regions

作　　者：王淑芬[1,2,3] 贾永国[4] 赵贺清 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院滨海所,河北唐山063200 [2]中国科学院遗传发育所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [4]河北省水利技术试验推广中心,河北石家庄050061 [5]河北省乐亭县胡坨镇农业办,河北唐山063600

出　　处：《华北农学报》2010年第B12期103-106,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目气候变化对绿洲生态系统水循环的影响(2010CB951002)

摘　　要：通过连续4年田间试验数据的校准和验证,利用DSSAT模型对22年来(1985-2006)石羊河流域主要农作物春小麦耗水规律及农业用水变化进行了模拟研究,以期为石羊河流域农业水资源管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明:在传统冬季储水灌溉条件下,武威春小麦整个生育期多年平均耗水量为526.4 mm,年总蒸散量为658.5 mm,其中拔节—孕穗期耗水量最大,是春小麦的需水高峰期;灌浆期需水量略有下降,但此期缺水将会严重影响作物产量的形成,是春小麦的需水关键期。对农业用水变化趋势来说,20世纪90年代春小麦农业用水最多,达50.5亿m3,与80年代相比增加了25.5%;2000年后,由于流域种植结构调整,关井压田实施力度不断加强,春小麦年均农业用水量由90年代的5.05亿m3减少到3.17亿m3。Based on the data obtained from 4-year field experiments conducted at Wuwei Irrigation Experimental Station,the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer（DSSAT） Cropping Systems Model was calibrated and validated.Then the model was used to simulate the crop water consumption and agricultural water use for spring wheat under traditional irrigation conditions in Shiyang River Basin from 1985 to 2006.The results showed that seasonal water requirement for spring wheat was 526.4 mm and mean annual evapotranspiration was 658.5 mm under winter flood irrigation conditions.About 159.1 mm water was required during the period from jointing to booting stage,which accounted for 30.2% of total water consumption in whole growing season.It was very important for spring wheat during filling stage.If the irrigation was lack at this stage,the grain yield would drop significantly.As for the agricultural water use,the results showed that it was very high in 1990′s,which had reached 50.5×108 m3.The mean annual value was about 5.05×108 m3,which increased by 25.5% in comparison with 1980′s.However,after 2000,the annual agricultural water use had dropped from 5.05×108 m3 in 1990′s down to 3.17×108 m3,due to a series of policies which led to closures of illegal irrigation wells and adjust of planting structure.

关 键 词：作物耗水 农业用水 春小麦 DSSAT模型 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学]