氮肥运筹对夏玉米生长发育及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Supply Way on Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency(NUE) in Summer Maize

作　　者：张丽丽[1] 王璞[1] 陶洪斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,农业部作物栽培与耕作学重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《华北农学报》2010年第B12期177-181,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家“973”基础研究项目(2009CB118602);玉米共性技术与种质创新(nyhyzx07-003-0x)

摘　　要：在施N量为180 kg/km2条件下,研究了四种氮肥运筹方式N180(基∶12叶=1∶2),N180(基∶吐丝=1∶2),N180(8叶∶吐丝=2∶1),N180(8叶∶12叶=1∶1)对夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响。结果表明,N180(基∶12叶=1∶2)处理千粒重大、空秆率低、产量高于其他处理,吐丝期后干物质和氮素积累迅速增加,氮肥利用率高。N180(基∶吐丝=1∶2)处理,吐丝期叶面积指数较小,前期干物质积累较少从而产量较低。N180(8叶∶12叶=2∶1)处理产量表现与N180(基∶吐丝=1∶2)处理基本相同,但氮肥利用率略高。N180(8叶∶12叶=1∶1)与其他处理相比穗粒数下降严重,产量显著低于其他处理,且干物质和氮素积累均较低,氮肥利用率最低。由此得出,在施N量为180 kg/km2条件下N180(基∶12叶=1∶2)产量及氮肥利用率协同提高,是一种较优的氮肥运筹方式。The effects of 4 different nitrogen fertilizer supply ways on growth and NUE in summer maize were studied under the rate of 180 kg/ ha,which were N180（basal∶ 12-leaf =1∶ 2）,N180（basal∶ silking stage=1∶ 2）,N180（8-leaf∶ silking stage=2∶ 1）,N180（8-leaf∶ 12-leaf=1∶ 1）.The results were that treatment of N180（basal∶ 12-leaf =1∶ 2）had the bigger 1000 Grain Weight,lower percentage of Plant without ear,higer yield than other treatments.Dry matter and nitrogen accumulated rapidly after silking stage in the treatment of N180（basal∶ 12-leaf =1∶ 2）,so it achieved higher NUE.Due to the small LAI in the silking stage and small amount of dry matter accumulated in the early stage,yield of N180（basal∶ silking stage=1∶ 2）decreased.N180（8-leaf∶ silking stage=2∶ 1）was similar with N180（8-leaf∶ 12-leaf=1∶ 1）in the yield performance,and N180（8-leaf∶ silking stage=2∶ 1）had a higer NUE.Grain number per ear of N180（8-leaf∶ 12-leaf=1∶ 1）decreased distinctly than other treatments which resulted in decline of yield.Amount of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in N180（8-leaf∶ 12-leaf=1∶ 1）were small hence low in the NUE.it can conclude that the treatment of N180（basal∶ 12-leaf =1∶ 2）that increase yield and NUE synchronously was a superior nitrogen fertilizer supply way.

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮肥运筹 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]