动词的时间范畴化演变:以动词“当”和“将”为例  

Evolution of Time Categorization of Action Verbs:A Case of Action Verb Dang(当) and Verb Jiang(将) in Chinese

作　　者：龙国富[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872 [2]斯坦福大学东亚语言与文化系

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2010年第4期31-39,95-96,共9页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“佛经翻译与东晋译经语法研究”(项目批准号:05CYY002)的资助

摘　　要：语言类型学研究表明,语言中存在从行为动词到情态动词再到将来时间副词的时间范畴化演变路径。本文以汉语"当"和"将"作为个案,来讨论这条路径的演变与形成。本文认为,"当"从动词发展为情态动词,是在结构语义发生变化的前提下通过重新分析得以实现。而"将"从行为动词发展为情态动词,则是在控制结构和提升结构中语义上发生变化的前提下实现。至于"当"、"将"从情态动词发展成为将来时间副词,其前提则表现为,在一定的空间运动中,在一个具有自然起点和终点的范围内,人们有做某事的主观心理的意图或打算。Linguistic typology study suggests that there is a path of the evolution of action verbs to modal verbs and then to future time adverbs. The evolution belongs to a process of time categorization of action verbs. The paper attempts to discuss the evolution of the time categorization of the verb dang (当) and verb jiang (将)in Chinese as a case. This shows that the action verb dang ( 当 ) has developed into modal verb in reanalysis structure, and the action verb jiang ( 将 ) has developedinto modal verb in control structure and raising structure, then the development of the two words from modal verbs to future time adverbs has been achieved via subjective psychological prediction.

关 键 词：时间范畴化 重新分析 控制结构 提升结构 主观预测 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]