覆膜对青饲玉米生长发育及杂草的影响  

Effects of Film Mulching on the Growth of Silage Maize and Weed

作　　者：郭米娟[1] 余成群[2] 钟华平[2] 姜炎彬[1] 仓木拉 班洁 张玉雷 邵小明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物学院,北京100193 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100081 [3]西藏日喀则地区草原工作站,西藏日喀则857000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第35期19975-19976,20002,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"优质牧草与饲料作物规模化栽培技术示范"(2007BAD80B03);国家科技支撑计划课题"饲草料生产体系研究"(2007BAD63B04)

摘　　要：[目的]为西藏相关地区青饲玉米生产提供参考。[方法]研究了覆膜对青饲玉米生育期、生长性状和产量的影响及对杂草的作用。[结果]覆膜能够促使青饲玉米各生长期提前7～16 d,使植株高度、茎围、叶面积等增加,使产量提高了75.9%,按2008年市场青饲玉米价格可增收22 500元/hm2;青饲玉米田中共有13种杂草,分属于8科13属,其中禾本科杂草共6种,稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis)为该研究区优势杂草;覆膜可完全防除平车前(Plantago depressa)、画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)和中华野葵(Malva verti-cillatavar.chinensis),并对除稗以外的其他杂草具有一定防效。[结论]覆膜青饲玉米对西藏畜牧业发展和农牧民增收具有积极意义。[Objective] The aim was to provide scientific reference for the production of silage maize in correlated regions of Tibet.[Method] Effects of film mulching on the growth period,growth traits and yield of silage maize and weed were analyzed.[Result] Under the treatment of film mulching,the growth period of silage maize could be advanced for 7-16 d;the plant length,stem diameter and leaf area were increased;and the grain output was increased by 75.9%.According to the market price of silage maize in 2008,22 500 Yuan/hm2 was increased.There were 13 kinds of weeds in silage maize field,which belonged to 13 genus,8 family.Among them,6 kinds of weeds belonged to gramineae,among which Echinochloa crusgalli and Setaria viridis were dominated in the weed communities.Plantago depressa,Eragrostis pilosa and Malva verticillata var.chinensis could be totally controlled by the film mulching,meanwhile the others could be also controlled in a certain degree except Echinochloa crusgalli.[Conclusion] The plastic mulching planting is worth popularizing for the developing of animal husbandry and the incoming of the local farmers in Tibet.

关 键 词：青饲玉米 覆膜 杂草 日喀则 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]