苏南丘陵区主要林分类型土壤水文效应  

Soil Hydrological Effect of the Main Forest Types in the Hilly Region of South Jiangsu Province

作　　者：丛日亮[1] 张金池[1] 黄进[1] 王如岩[1] 王荣娟[1] 陈莉莎[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《亚热带水土保持》2010年第4期13-17,共5页Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"林业科技支撑项目(2006BAD03A16);国家公益性行业科研专项"典型森林植被对水资源形成过程的调控研究";国家公益性行业科研专项"长三角水源区面源污染林业生态修复技术"

摘　　要：以苏南丘陵区杉木、马尾松、栎林、毛竹等4种林分土壤为研究对象,研究了该区域内不同林分类型土壤层的水文效应。结果表明：不同林分类型土壤的蓄水能力、渗透性能均存在着一定的差异,其中毛竹林地土壤蓄水能力最好,为2 096 t/hm^2,渗透性能也以毛竹林最好,为17.56mm/min;通过测定4种林地土壤的入渗速率与入渗过程,对其入渗曲线进行拟合,得出土壤渗透速率与渗透时间呈乘幂函数关系,复相关系数为0.93-0.97,说明方程拟合效果较好,可以较好地描述各林地的土壤入渗过程;土壤理化因子与土壤渗透性能的相关分析显示研究区土壤渗透性能受多个因素影响,其中土壤非毛管孔隙度、有机质含量与土壤初渗、稳渗速率相关性最高,为首要影响因素;基于主成分分析,各样地土壤综合水文效应优劣依次为：毛竹〉栎树〉杉木〉马尾松。A comparative study was carried out in the hilly region of south Jiangsu Province on the hydrological effects of forest litters and soil, taking four typical forests as research objectives including Chinese fir（ Cunninghamia lanceolata ） , Masson pine （ Pinus massoniana Lamb ） , Quercus （ Quercus acutissima ） and Bamboo （ Phyllostachys pubescens ）. The results show that water storage capacity and permeability of soil are different for different forest types. Among the four typical forests, the water storage capacity of Bamboo forest soil is the best with the number of 2 096 t/hm^2. In addition, the Bamboo forest also has thebest permeability with amount to 17.56 mm/min. Standing on the fitting of process of infiltration, degree fitting is between 0.93 and 0.97. It shows that the equation fits well, and can be used to describe the process of infiltration of all forest land. The correlation analysis between soil physical and chemical factors and permeability show that permeability of the soil can be affected by a number of factors. Of which, the soil non - capillary porosity and initial soil organic matter content has the highest correlativity with soil permeability and steady infiltration rate, that was listed as the primary factor. Based on principal component analysis, the hydrological function of the four typical forest＇s soil is Bamboo 〉 Quercus 〉 Chinese fir 〉 Masson pine.

关 键 词：林分类型 土壤水文 土壤蓄水 土壤入渗 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]