植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础及主要影响因素  

The Genetic Bases of Plant Somaclonal Variation and the Main Influence Factors

作　　者：刘福平[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建省亚热带植物生理生化重点公共实验室,厦门361006

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2010年第6期1142-1151,共10页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金资助项目(C0410040)资助

摘　　要：植物体细胞无性系变异在组织培养中是非常普遍的现象,对改良植物品种和选育新品种具有重要的意义,但同时也是植物组培在所有其它应用领域的一大难题。植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础包括染色体变异、转座子活化、DNA甲基化状态改变、基因突变和DNA重复序列的改变等,这些因素相互关联,不是孤立地作为体细胞无性系变异的起源。在影响体细胞无性系变异的主要因素中,外植体脱分化的细胞分裂方式、培养基的生长调节物质、培养物经受氧化胁迫水平与体细胞无性系变异有着较为密切的联系,其中外源生长素、细胞分裂素是最重要的外部影响因素。通过本综述,在减少组培过程中无性系变异方面,建议深入了解生长调节物质与体细胞无性系变异遗传基础的关系,并以此为基础尝试无性系变异防控办法。Plant somaclonal variation is a common phenomenon in the course of tissue culture and it plays an important role in improving varieties and breeding new varieties of plant, but it is also a puzzle in all the other application areas of tissue culture. The main genetic bases of plant somaclonal variation, including chromosome variation, trasposon activation, DNA methylation, gene mutation, and change of DNA repeat sequence, relate to each other, rather than being the origin of somaclonal variation alone. Among these factors effecting on somaclonal variation, form of cell division during explants dedifferentiation, growth regulators supplemented in medium, levels of culture encounter under oxidative pressure, which have closer relation with somaclonal variation, of which the exogenous auxin and cytokinin are the most important external factors influencing on somaclonal variation. To reduce somaclonal variation arising through the culture of plant tissues, in this paper, we suggest that further research on the relationships between growth regulators with the genetic bases of plant somaclonal variation and try out the ways to prevent and control somaclonal variation based on the relationships.

关 键 词：体细胞无性系变异 遗传基础 影响因素 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]