花后水分亏缺对玉米叶绿素荧光动力学参数及产量的影响  

Effects of Post-anthesis Water Deficit on the Kinetic Parameters of ChlorophyⅡ Fluorescence and Grain Yield of Maize(Zea mays L.)

作　　者：周祥利[1] 陶洪斌[1] 李梁[1] 王璞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《华北农学报》2010年第6期187-190,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2006AA100202);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD69B05)

摘　　要：为了研究玉米农艺补偿技术,在旱棚控制条件下模拟土壤水分亏缺,研究花后不同阶段及不同程度水分亏缺对玉米叶绿素荧光动力学参数以及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:花后不同水分亏缺对叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响不同,吐丝15 d时玉米穗位叶的PSⅡ潜在活性和Fv/Fm均大于吐丝45 d;随着水分亏缺时间的延长,PSⅡ潜在活性、Fv/Fm和qP值逐渐下降,而qN值逐渐上升,不利于光能的转化,导致产量降低。而短期胁迫后对荧光影响不明显,玉米穗位叶光合能力下降不显著。花后不同阶段水分亏缺对玉米产量的影响不同,灌浆中期至成熟期水分亏缺(T3)>全生育期水分正常供应(T1)>吐丝期至灌浆中期水分亏缺(T2)>吐丝期至成熟期水分亏缺(T4)。T3的产量比T1增加3.5%,这是由千粒重增加所引起的,T2产量减少主要是由于穗粒数减少了3.9%,T4处理使穗粒数和千粒重都显著减少,从而使产量降低19.7%。Growing condition of soil moisture deficit was stimulated in shaded cement pit.Effects of water deficit and deficit extents at different stages of post-anthesis on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and grain yield of maize were studied.Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters were clearly affected by the water deficit at different stages of post-anthesis.At 15 days after silking,the PSⅡ potential activity and Fv/Fm of maize ear leaves were both higher than 45 days after silking.With the extension water deficit duration,PSⅡ potential activity,Fv/Fm and qP values decreased gradually,while the gradual increase of qN values,is not conducive to the conversion of light energy,leading to lower yields.Short-term stress on the fluorescence was not obvious,and the decline of ear leaf photosynthetic capacity was small.Grain yields were clearly affected by the water deficit at different stages of post-anthesis.In yield sequence as follow： water deficit between mid-filling stage and maturity stage（T3） water sufficient through the whole growth period（T1）water deficit between silking stage to mid-filling stage（T2）water deficit between silking stage to maturity stage（T4）.Compared with T1,the yield of T3 increased 3.5%,which is caused by the increase in thousand kernel weight;reduction in the yield of T2 was mainly due to the number of grains per spike decreased 3.9%;as the number of grains per spike and grain weight were significantly reduced,the yield of T4 reduced 19.7%.

关 键 词：花后 水分亏缺 叶绿素荧光动力学参数 产量 玉米 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]