黄土高原农村社会—生态系统体制转换初探——以陕西省长武县洪家镇为例  

A STUDY OF REGIME SHIFT OF RURAL SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN LOESS PLATEAU——A Case Study of Hongjia Town of Changwu County,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：蒋维[1] 王俊[1,2] 杨新军[1] 刘文兆[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]中科院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《人文地理》2011年第1期56-60,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30500077);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2006D02)

摘　　要：社会—生态系统是一个复杂的复合稳态/体制系统,了解系统体制的转换过程及其驱动力对防止系统发生不可逆灾变、提高系统恢复力具有重要作用。本文以陕西省长武县洪家镇农村社会—生态系统为例,研究了其自20世纪80年代以来系统的体制转换过程。结果表明,当地农村社会—生态系统经过近30年的演变,从以种植粮食为主的传统农业体制状态转换为以种植苹果为主的新型农业体制状态,转换的驱动力主要来自单位面积不同土地利用方式的收益差和单个劳动力从事不同生计的收益差,然而该体制转换削弱了系统应对外部扰动的恢复力。This paper provides a case study of Hongjia town which is located in Changwu County in Shannxi Province to understand the regime shift of rural social-ecological system in the Loess Plateau. The social-eco- logical system of Hongjia town is evaluated with selected index from the social, economic and ecological per- spectives which are calculated by the experts scoring process. Social-economic data is collected by social sur- vey, questionnaire and governmental statistics. After analyzing the dynamic of Hongjia town social-ecological system from 1980, the state variables are extracted as the ratio of agricultural income per capita to total in- come per capita, the ratio of the number of labors in agriculture to that of total labors and the ratio of grain crop planting area to land area, which represent the state of Hongjia social-ecological system and are correlat- ed with the controlling variable of the percent of apple growing area to total land area. During the regime shifting period, system＇s structure and function have undergone significant changes. The driving forces of such shift are mainly from the gaps of incomes due to the different land use and the livelihoods of individual labor engaged to. This results the increase of the percent of apple growing area - the system＇s controlling vari- able. The authors also points out that the external economic conditions change, the governmental preferential agricultural policies and the improving of local infrastructure also have great influence on the regime shift. Although such regime shift would be helpful for the local farmers to live a better life, it might weaken the resilience of the rural social-ecological system to the external disturbance, especially to the fluctuation of a price and other natural hazards.

关 键 词：体制转换 农村系统 社会-生态系统 黄土高原 

分 类 号：K902[历史地理—人文地理学]