极端干旱区深层坑渗灌灌水量对葡萄代表性生理性状影响研究  

Preliminary Study on Effect of Irrigation Amount on Representative Physiological Traits of Grapes during Different Phenol-phases under Deep Pit Infiltration Irrigation in Extremely Arid Areas

作　　者：李涛[1] 张建丰[1] 张江辉 杨潇[1] 裴青宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,陕西西安710048 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2011年第2期19-23,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAD38B03);新疆自治区重大专项项目(200731136-5)

摘　　要：葡萄各物候期的代表性生理性状反映了其整体的生长状况。为了揭示深层坑渗灌条件下灌水量对葡萄各物候期代表性性状生长的影响,将葡萄的生长期分为6个物候期,通过大田试验,分别对葡萄各物候期不同灌水量处理的代表性生理性状进行了观测和分析。结果表明:在深层坑渗灌条件下,在萌芽期,灌水量1 365 m3/hm2时,萌芽率达到最高值78.79%;在展叶期,灌水量4 410 m3/hm2,新生枝条生长长度最长为45 cm;在花期,灌水量735 m3/hm2时,坐果率最大为62.24%;在果实膨大期,灌水量7 350 m3/hm2,果粒纵径生长沟灌最大为1.71 cm;在果酱成熟期,灌水量2 205 m3/hm2时,果粒粒重最大为2.95 g;在枝蔓成熟期,灌水量2 940 m3/hm2时,净光合速率值最大为6.17μmol/(m2.s);深层坑渗灌与沟灌相比,当灌水量为14 595 m3/hm2时,节水50.8%,总产量为沟灌的99%,商品产量为沟灌的171.2%。深层坑渗灌是一种适用于极端干旱区成龄葡萄的灌水技术。The representative physiological traits of grapes can reflected growth states.In order to reveal the effect of irrigation amount on representative physiological traits of grapes during different phenol-phases under deep pit infiltration irrigation,the growing period of grapes was divided into six phenol-phases.Through field experiments,representative physiological traits of grapes during different phenol-phases under different irrigation treatment were observed and analyzed.The results showed that under the condition of deep pit infiltration irrigation,the maximum germination rate was 78.79% with an irrigation amount of 1 365 m3/hm2 during the sprouting period;the maximum length of new branch was 45 cm under furrow irrigation during Leaf-expansion period;the maximum fruit setting rate was 62.24% with an irrigation amount of 735 m3/hm2 during the flowering period;the maximum longitudinal diameter of fruit was 1.71 cm under furrow irrigation during the fruit swelling period;the maximum single fruit weight was 2.95 g with an irrigation amount of 2 205 m3/hm2 during the fruit maturity period;the maximum net photosynthetic rates was 6.17 μmol/m2 o s with an irrigation amount of 2 940 m3/hm2 during the branch maturity period.Compared with furrow irrigation,the deep pit infiltration irrigation with an irrigation amount of 14 595 m3/hm2 could reduce water by 50.8%,commodity yield was 99%,total yield was 171.2%.The deep pit infiltration irrigation may be an efficient and adaptable irrigation method for mature grapes in extremely arid areas.

关 键 词：深层坑渗灌 葡萄 极端干旱区 生理性状 物候期 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学] S275