“过密化”与去“过密化”:中国农业变迁的一个解释框架  

Involution and De-involution:the Framework for the Change of China's Agriculture

作　　者：陶颖怡[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学马克思主义学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2011年第1期80-85,共6页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：江西省社会科学研究"十一五"规划项目"欠发达地区新农村建设模式研究"(08RS20)

摘　　要：尽管中国传统农业呈现出多样化的特点,但其显著特征是"过密化"或"内卷化"。即单位土地上承载了太多的人口与劳动力,这种"过密化"从1300年代一直持续到1980年代。改革开放以来的快速工业化和城市化带动了大量的非农就业,开始了我国农业的去"过密化"进程。改革开放以来我国共转移农村剩余劳动力近2.3亿人,极大地缓解了农业的"过密化"。但是,我们要看到,由于耕地面积的有限和减少、人口的增长,我国农业的"过密化"问题并没有得到根本改变。党的十七大提出"以工补农,以城带乡,城乡一体化"发展战略,就是要求我国的现代化、城市化发展战略以非农就业、农民的市民化为发展方向。Although the traditional China＇s agriculture shows the diversity in characteristics,the most distinct characteristic is ＂the involution＂,that is to say,there are overloaded population and labor per unit area.This ＂involution＂ lasted from 1300 to 1980.The non-agricultural employment has been driven by fast industrialization and urbanization since the implementation of reforom and opening-up policy,which initiates the process of ＂de-involution＂.Since that time,surplus rural labor of about 230 000 000 people has been transferred,which has greatly eased the pressure of involution.However,we should be aware that this problem,resulting from increasing population,has not been really solved due to the fact that existing aurable land is limited and decreasing.At the 17th CPC National Congress,it was proposed that the strategy that industry supports agriculture,the urban supports the rural and city integrates country should further the progress of de-involution of agriculture in China,promoting its development of agricultural modernization.Therefore,it requires that our strategy of modernization and urbanization should be developed mainly towards non-agriculture employment and conversion from farmers to citizens.

关 键 词：传统农业 过密化 变迁 去过密化 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]