资源政治的演化差异  

Evolution Differences of Resource Politics

作　　者：王海滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院国际战略与发展研究所博士后,北京100084

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2011年第2期128-155,160,共28页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：人类社会的延续和发展离不开自然资源。在经济发展和人口增长的过程中,资源短缺现象越来越多地出现。对人类与资源的关系的理解可分为两类:资源悲观主义和资源乐观主义。这两类观点尽管尖锐对立,但它们有一个共同缺陷,即它们的论述都基于某一种基本假定,而这种假定只是有些时候才符合实际情况。针对已有资源关系理论的不足,作者提出了动态资源关系理论,认为人类与资源的关系取决于人类的选择。如果人们从零和的资源关系观念出发,进行资源对抗,那么资源替代性手段的出现会受到阻碍,资源问题的零和后果会出现。相反,如果人们在资源问题上从非零和(正和)的观念出发,开展资源合作,这会促进资源替代性手段的利用,非零和(正和)的结果就会出现。根据动态资源关系理论,作者认为,即使资源出现严重短缺,人们如果应对得当,仍然可以争取到很好的资源结果。由于经济增长较快,中国不得不越来越多地寻求海外资源供应。在此过程中,中国如何能获得最佳的资源结果?动态资源关系理论能为此提供一个新思路。Human development cannot proceed without natural resources.With rapid economic development and population growth,resource shortages appear more frequently.The existing theories of resource relations can be put into two categories: pessimism and optimism.Even though optimists and pessimists stand on two completely different views,they share one fatal flaw,that is,both of them are based on one assumption which only sometimes conforms to the fact.Given the inadequacy of both theories,this paper proposes a dynamic resource relations theory.The author claims that resource relations depends on the availability and timing of alternative means of resources,and this in turn depends on the choices people make.If people behave in a zero-sum manner and engage in resource conflicts,then a zero-sum scenario will appear.However,if people behave in a non-zero-sum(positive-sum) manner and engage in cooperation,then non-zero-sum scenarios become plausible.According to dynamic resource relations theory,in face of serious resource shortage,if people behave properly,they can still achieve good results.China,with its rapid economic development,is forced to import natural resources from overseas.How can China achieve the best resource result when seeking overseas resource supply? Dynamic resource relations theory can provide some new thoughts to this question,which is one of the practical uses this theory can provide.

关 键 词：动态 静态 零和 非零和 资源替代手段 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学]