苜蓿+玉米间作系统产量表现及其种间竞争力的评定  

Production performance of alfalfa+maize intercropping systems and evaluation of interspecies competition

作　　者：张桂国[1,2] 董树亭[2] 杨在宾[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安271018 [2]作物生物学国家重点实验室山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《草业学报》2011年第1期22-30,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金："十一五"国家科技攻关项目(2006BAD15B07-03);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD31B04);国家自然科学基金项目(30571098;30771282)资助

摘　　要：本试验目的在于探讨不同苜蓿+玉米间作模式下种间竞争力变化,及其对间作系统产量建成的影响。试验设苜蓿、玉米行数比分别为2∶2,3∶2,4∶2,5∶2四个间作处理,每处理3个重复,其所占间作面积比分别为33%∶67%,43%∶57%,50%∶50%,55%∶45%,玉米、苜蓿单作为对照组。测定各处理干物质产量,采用土地当量比(LER)、侵占力(Aam)、相对拥挤系数(RCC)等指标来评定不同间作处理系统内的作物竞争力。结果表明,在苜蓿+玉米间作系统第1年生产中,苜蓿竞争力大于玉米,所有间作处理总产量和经济产出均低于单作玉米,高于单作苜蓿,各间作处理相比以5∶2间作模式生产性能最佳。在第2年生产中,苜蓿进入高产期,始终占据间作系统的优势生态位,所有间作处理生物总产量都不低于单作玉米和单作苜蓿,经济产出均大于单作苜蓿和单作玉米,5∶2间作模式表现出最佳的生产优势。The variation of interspecies competitiveness,and its effects on the production performance of four intercropping treatments alternating alfalfa（Medicago） and maize（Zea mays） were investigated in a 2∶2,3∶2,4∶2,5∶2 design with three replications,and intercropping area rates of 33%∶67%,43%∶57%,50%∶50%,55%∶45%,respectively.Maize and alfalfa as the monocultures were the control groups.Dry matter yields of different treatments were measured,and land equivalent ratio（LER）,aggressiveness（A）,and relative crowding coefficient（RRC） were introduced as indexes to evaluate the interspecies competition in each treatment.In the first year of establishment,yields of all the intercropping treatments were lower than that of the maize monoculture,but higher than that of the alfalfa.The 5∶2 treatment had a better production performance and economic returns than the other intercropping treatments.In the second year,alfalfa had a high-yielding period,and occupied the dominant niche for the whole growing stage in the intercropping systems.Total biomass of all the intercropping systems were not less than the maize or alfalfa monocultures.The 5∶2 intercropping treatment had the best productivity and economic returns.

关 键 词：苜蓿 玉米 间作 种间竞争力 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学] S513