高丹草生长动态及收割期的研究  

Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of sorghum hybrid sudangrass

作　　者：刘建宁[1] 石永红[1] 王运琦[1] 郭锐[1] 吴欣明[1] 郭璞[1] 张燕[1] 高新中[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,山西太原030032 [2]山西省农业厅,山西太原030001

出　　处：《草业学报》2011年第1期31-37,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAD56B02);国家牧草产业体系项目;山西省攻关项目(20080311030-2)资助

摘　　要：对高丹草不同生长阶段的株高、生长速度、物质积累动态及产量组成进行了研究,并对其营养价值进行评定。结果表明,旱作条件下,高丹草株高、生长速度、产草量及茎/叶变化动态符合Logistic模型,苗期生长缓慢,拔节期生长最快,拔节期过后生长速度减缓,表明拔节期是营养体产量形成的关键时期。干/鲜及营养物质变化符合一元线性回归模型,从分蘖期到孕穗期粗蛋白质(CP)、粗灰分(CA)含量逐渐降低,干草产量、粗纤维(CF)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、总能(GE)、消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)、可消化养分总量(TDN)逐渐增加,粗脂肪(EF)和氢氰酸(HCN)变化趋势不明显。鲜草和干草产量分别于拔节末期和孕穗期达到高峰,拔节期鲜草、CP、CA、EF、CF、NFE、TDN产量分别为121.7t/hm2、1.915t/hm2、1.956t/hm2、0.271t/hm2、7.749t/hm2、10.75t/hm2、13 358MJ/hm2;孕穗期干草、CP、CA、EF、CF、NFE、TDN产量分别为31.1t/hm2、1.920t/hm2、2.126t/hm2、0.348t/hm2、9.070t/hm2、15.51t/hm2、17 383MJ/hm2。综合分析表明,高丹草作为青饲料利用时,拔节末期收割效果最佳,加工调制青贮饲料或干草时抽穗期收割,可同时获得较高的干物质产量和营养价值。To understand the growth regularity and confirm the best harvest time for sorghum hybrid sudangrass,its growth rate,fresh and dry matter accumulation and distribution during different growth stages were investigated,and its nutrient values evaluated in a field experiment.Plant height,growth rate,yield and ratio of leaf to stem of sorghum hybrid sudangrass all fit a Logistic model under dry farming conditions.Growth rate was slow until the 50th day after seeding when it increased until the 80th day,after which,it slowed until the 110th day.There were no obvious trends of crude fat（EF） and hydrocyanic acid（HCN） while crude fiber（CF）,nitrogen-free extract（NFE）,dry matter yield,gross energy（GE）,digestible energy（DE）,metabolizable energy（ME）,and total digestible nutrient（TDN） all increased.Crude protein（CP） and crude ash（CA） declined from tillering to the booting stages.Fresh yield was maximal at the later jointing stage（121.7 t/ha） while CP,CA,EF,CF,NFE and TDN were maximal at the 1.915 t/ha,1.956 t/ha,0.271 t/ha,7.749 t/ha,10.75 t/ha and 13 358 MJ/ha stages respectively.Dry matter yield was maximum at the booting stage（31.1 t/ha） while CP,CA,EF,CF,NFE and TDN were maximal at 1.920 t/ha,2.126 t/ha,0.348 t/ha,9.070 t/ha,15.51 t/ha,and 17 383 MJ/ha,respectively.It is suggested that for a high grass yield of sorghum hybrid sudangrass to be used as a green feed,it should be harvested in the later jointing stages while for a better dry matter yield and nutritive value as processing silage or hay,it should be harvested at the heading stage.

关 键 词：高丹草 生长动态 收割期 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]