大型水电站建设中的土壤流失动态研究  

Dynamic Changes of Soil and Water Loss in Construction of Large-Sized Hydroelectric Plants

作　　者：张仕艳[1] 陈奇伯[1] 雷俊杰 原海红[3] 马炜[1] 陈瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [2]金安桥水电站有限公司,云南丽江674100 [3]昆明有色冶金设计研究院股份公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2011年第2期54-57,77,共4页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060093);西南林业大学生态学重点学科项目(XKX200902);云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(20070065M)

摘　　要：以金沙江干流金安桥水电站为例,研究了大型水电站工程建设期内不同施工部位土壤流失量的动态变化。结果表明:汛期降雨量占年降雨量的92.9%以上,汛期是土壤流失发生的主要时段。受建设内容、施工时段、施工进度和降雨量的影响,各部位土壤流失量变化趋势不同:弃渣场松散堆积物流失量呈现"较小→增大→减小"的趋势,2005年施工开始,2006年达到峰值;施工道路土壤流失量逐年递减;料场土壤流失量年际变化呈现单峰型,2007年达到峰值;施工营地仅在前两年建设中有土壤流失,硬化、绿化后基本无土壤流失产生。河道泥沙含量具有"增大→减小→增大→减小→平衡"的趋势。金安桥水电站建设7年,产生的土壤流失量达67 642.4 t,其中施工道路占50.9%、渣场占28.7%,施工道路和渣场是水土流失敏感部位和重点部位。The paper studies the dynamic changes of soil and water loss at different construction locations during construction period of large-sized hydroelectric plants by taking Jin'anqiao Hydroelectric Plant situated in the main stream of the Jinsha River as an example.The outcomes show that the rainfall in flood season makes up more than 92.9% of the annual rainfall and flood season is the main period for soil and water loss.The variation tendency of soil and water loss at each location is different due to the effect of different items,period and schedule of construction and the rainfall: a) the amount of loose accumulation loss of spoil grounds changes with the tendency of smaller → increasing → reducing,and the project started in 2005 and the amount of loose accumulation loss reached to peak value in 2006;b) the amount of soil loss in roads reduced annually;c) the variation of amount of soil loss in material field between years was in single-peak shape and reached to peak value in 2007 and;d) there was almost no soil loss in construction encampment after hardening and planting trees and grasses,expect the first two years.The sediment concentration of channel changes with the tendency of increasing → reducing → increasing → reducing → balance.The construction period of Jin'anqiao Hydroelectric Plant is 7 years.The soil loss of the project is 67 642.4 t,of which,construction road 50.9% and spoil ground 28.7%,showing the construction road and the spoil ground are the sensitive and key places for soil and water loss.

关 键 词：开发建设项目 水电站工程 土壤流失动态 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]