白蜡虫及其3种优势寄生蜂的时空生态位  

Temporal-spatial niches of Chinese White Wax Scale insect(Ericerus pela) and its three dominant parasitoid wasps

作　　者：王自力[1] 陈勇[1] 陈晓鸣[1] 王绍云[1] 赵杰军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,国家林业局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第4期914-922,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771736);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD06B07);国家级星火计划项目(2007EA169005);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(riricaf201004M)

摘　　要：在白蜡虫Ericerus pela(Chavannes)分布特征和寄生蜂调查的基础上,分析了白蜡虫及其3种优势寄生蜂:白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂Microterys ericeri Ishii、中华花翅跳小蜂M.sinicus Jiang和白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang的时间和空间的一维生态位宽度、生态位重叠和比例相似性。结果表明,白蜡虫及其3种优势寄生蜂的时间生态位宽度:白蜡虫>白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂>白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂>中华花翅跳小蜂,空间生态位宽度:白蜡虫>白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂>白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂>中华花翅跳小蜂。3种优势寄生蜂与白蜡虫的生态位重叠度:白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂>中华花翅跳小蜂>白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂,比例相似性:白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂>白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂>中华花翅跳小蜂。说明白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂与白蜡虫在资源序列上分布的相似性最大,在时间上的同步性和空间上的同域性较强,资源利用程度最高。白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂与白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂在时间生态位、空间生态位和时间-空间生态位上均有较大的重叠和比例相似性,在资源利用上存在明显的种间竞争。白蜡虫种群数量大,生长周期长、为多种寄生蜂的繁育提供了丰富、稳定的食物资源。The Chinese white wax scale insect,Ericerus pela（Chavannes）,is an important beneficial insect in China which excretes a special wax used as raw material in the chemical industry.The cultivation and utilization of E.pela was has occurred for more than 1000 years in China.Parasitoid wasps are key factors that reduce output of white wax production by E.pela.There are more than 15 species of wasps that parasitize different stages of the life circle of E.pela.The dominant parasitoid wasps are Microterys ericeri Ishii,M.sinicus Jiang,and Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang.The percentage in these wasps was 45.91%,37.37% and 11.37% respectively.The distribution of parasite wasps is related with distribution of E.pela on host plant.Although many parasitoids（40%） occur in centre of E.pela,about 50% are distributed in the top of host plant.The flight movements of parasitoid wasps is affected by wind and sunlight;wasps in the wind cannot easy fly on top of tree because of their slim and fragile bodies,and wasps tend to like shade and do not like strong sunlight.The temporal-spatial niches（niche breadth,niche overlap and percentage similarity） of E.pela and its dominant parasitoid wasps（Microterys ericeri Ishii,M.sinicus Jiang,and Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang） were analysed base on the investigation of distribution characteristics of E.pela and species of parasite wasps and their active rule.Temporal niche breadths of E.pela and its three dominant parasitoids were E.pela Metaphycus ericeri M.ericeri M.sinicus and spatial niche breadths were E.pela M.ericeri Metaphycus ericeri M.sinicus.The niche overlap of the three dominant parasitoids and E.pela were M.ericeri M.sinicus Metaphycus ericeri;the percentage similarities were M.ericeri Metaphycus ericeri M.sinicus.This suggests that M.ericeri and E.pela possesses the most similarity in the resources series,strong synchronism and sympatry,and the maximum resource utilization.M.ericeri is the most serious natural enemy of E.pela.M.ericeri and Metaphycus ericeri had a

关 键 词：白蜡虫 寄生蜂 优势种 生态位 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476.3[农业科学—植物保护]