喷施ABA对两个穗型不同小麦穗颈节伤流、穗部性状及产量的影响  

Effects of spraying ABA on bleeding intensity in neck-panicle node,spike traits and grain yields of two different panicle-type winter wheat

作　　者：崔志青[1] 尹燕枰[1] 田奇卓[1] 王广昌[1] 孟范玉[1] 王平[1] 王振林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第4期1085-1092,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871477);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)课题(2009CB118602)

摘　　要：以冬小麦品种山农8355和山农15为试验材料,研究了不同ABA喷期处理条件下,小麦花后穗颈节伤流变化及其对籽粒穗部性状与产量的影响。结果表明,多穗型品种SN15伤流强度呈现出单峰变化,而大穗型品种SN8355呈现一定的双峰变化趋势,其伤流强度在后期出现一个小高峰。不论是孕穗后期喷施ABA处理(T1)还是花后3d喷施ABA处理(T2),一定程度上均有利于花后穗颈节伤流的增加。各粒位籽粒粒重与体积在不同生育时期表现基本相同,大体上表现为T1处理较对照小,而T2处理则较对照大,即T2>CK>T1。施用ABA可改善穗部营养状况,最高增加穗粒数31.31%,平均提高小穗结实率2.79%,增加穗粒重7.90%—19.01%,并最终增加产量4.08%—9.81%。相关分析表明,穗颈节伤流强度在大多数生育时期与穗粒重关系密切,而群体伤流强度则与产量关系相对密切。研究表明,合理施用ABA能够调节小麦穗颈节伤流强度,从而可以优化穗部性状发育,利于产量的提高。In order to improve grain yield of bread wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）,the bleeding intensity of neck-panicle node and spike traits changes in wheat were investigated after spraying ABA（12mg/kg,45 mL/m2）.In this study,two currently high-yield wheat cultivars Shannong 8355（SN8355） with the large spike and Shannong 15（SN15） with the multiple spike were used to identify their effects on bleeding intensity in neck-panicle node,spike traits and grain yields after spraying ABA during the filling stage.ABA solution was sprayed at the late booting stage（T1） and 3 days after anthesis（T2）,respectively.The results indicated that bleeding intensity in neck-panicle node was significantly greater at the early filling stage but weaker at the late filling stage.Further analysis indicated that the bleeding intensity showed a single peak at the 14th day after anthesis in the multiple spike wheat cv.SN15 but two peaks at 14th and 28th days after anthesis in the large spike wheat cv.SN8355,respectively.After spraying ABA,5.20% and 3.93% bleeding intensities in neck-panicle node were increased for Shannong 15 and Shannong 8355 at the late booting stage,respectively,while 4.26% and 5.89% at 3rd day after anthesis.Similarly,6.98% and 3.31% group bleeding intensities were increased for Shannong 15 and Shannong 8355 at the late booting stage,respectively,while 3.32% and 2.96% were increased at 3rd day after anthesis.The changing tendency of grain kernel weight and volume at each grain position was generally T2CKT1.Grain number in different position showed more significant influence on 3rd and 4th grain position than 1st and 2nd grain position after spraying ABA,especially for increasing the ratio of the 4th position of the large spike cultivar Shannong 8355 from 2.05% to 7.18%.Spraying ABA at different stages decreased the number of sterile spikes（0.2-0.7） to some extent,but increased the grain number per spike with highest increment of 31.31% and average seed setting rate by 2.79% for two cultivars surveyed.Bot

关 键 词：小麦 伤流 ABA 籽粒 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]