几种典型水工建筑物进水口消涡措施试验研究  

Experimental Research on Vortexes Eliminating of Several Typical Hydraulic Intakes

作　　者：段文刚[1] 黄国兵[1] 张晖[1] 李利[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水力学研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2011年第2期21-27,共7页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAB29B02;20098BAK56B03)

摘　　要：为探索水工建筑物进口的消涡措施,以系列水工模型试验为研究手段,分别从电站、导流洞、渠道倒虹吸和河道倒虹吸等典型水工建筑物进水口漩涡形成的诱因与工程实例着手,介绍了消除漩涡的试验过程。进水口前立轴漩涡形成的诱因较为复杂,对于平面回流、不对称进流和侧向进流等不利流态引发的立轴漩涡,可布设浮堤破除回流(如导流洞)或加高进口两侧翼墙阻断横向水流(如河道倒虹吸),进而达到消减漩涡的目的;对于进口前水流条件较好,而由进口体型导致的立轴漩涡(如渠道倒虹吸),将进口顶部椭圆曲线(或圆弧)加大切点上移至最高运行水位附近或将竖直胸墙调整为向上游倾斜状,可起到挤压漩涡区的作用,引导水流平顺下泄,达到消减漩涡的功效。The measures to eliminate vortexes in the intakes of hydraulic structures such as power station,diversion tunnel,inverted siphon culvert,and inverted siphon river course were studied through a series of model test,in which the inducement factors of the vortex formation in practical projects were considered and the experimental process of vortex elimination was analyzed in detail.The inducements of the vortex formation at the vertical shaft in front of the intakes are very complicated.To eliminate the vertical shaft eddies induced by plane backflow,unsymmetrical inflow,and lateral inflow,we can set floating embankment to avoid backflow（e.g.,in diversion tunnel） or heighten the wing walls to block the lateral flow（e.g.,in inverted siphon river course）.For the intakes with good flow condition,vertical shaft eddies may also be generated due to the inlet shape.This kind of vortexes could be eliminated by moving the tangency point of the elliptic curve at intake top up to the highest operation water level or adjusting the vertical core walls to be inclined upstream,by which the vortex area may be compressed and the flow can be guided to discharge unhindered and smoothly.

关 键 词：水力学 漩涡 进水口 试验研究 消涡措施 

分 类 号：TV135[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]