手术室医护人员血源性感染职业暴露风险与防范  

Risk factors of occupational exposure to blood-borne infection of medical workers in operating room and prevention meassures

作　　者：龚光明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南通市肿瘤医院感染管理科,江苏南通226361

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2011年第4期719-720,共2页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：南通市科学技术局指导性计划课题(2010)

摘　　要：目的了解手术室医护人员血源性感染职业暴露风险的现状及职业防护的重点,为完善职业防护措施提供科学依据。方法对93名手术室医护人员采用自行设计问卷,调查2009年1月-2010年3月血源性病原体职业暴露情况。结果 63名医护人员发生锐器伤,发生率为67.74%,37名医护人员发生血液/体液暴露,发生率为39.78%;锐器伤的种类主要是缝合针,占27.81%、手术刀剪占25.83%,其次是玻璃占21.85%;主要在医护间配合传递器械,占39.07%,掰安瓿占21.19%,配加药治疗及处理使用后锐,各占10.60%等环节容易发生锐器伤;锐器伤人员中,20.63%未进行乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种、30.16%发生锐器伤时未戴手套、7.94%锐器伤后处理伤口欠规范。结论手术室存在较高的血源性职业暴露风险,是锐器伤的高发场所,管理者应提供科学的职业安全防护措施,有效地预防与减少医护人员职业暴露的发生。OBJECTIVE To observe the operating room medical workers occupational exposure to blood-borne infection and focus on occupational protection, to provide the scientific foundation for occupational protection measures. METHODS A total of 93 operating room medical workers were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire to understand the situation of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens during Jan 2009- Mar 2010. RESULTS Totally 63 medical workers （67.74 %） had encountered the sharp instrument injury, 37 medical workers （39. 78%） had encountered blood or body fluid exposure. The major sharp instrument was suture needle （27.81% ）, surgical scissors（25.83%）, then glass（21.85% ）. The links in which the injury occurred were passing sharp instruments hand-to-hand （39. 07%）, dealing with ampoules （21. 19%）, dispensing and adding drugs （10.60% ）, dealing with used sharp instrument（10.60% ）, and so on. There were about 20.63 % medical workers were not vaccinated hepatitis B vaccination, 30.16% of medical workers were not wearing gloves during the time of the injury, and 7. 94% of medical workers didn＇t deal with wound by standard measures. CONCLUSION Operating room is a place of high incidence of sharp injuries. The managers should provide a scientific safety protection measures to effectively prevent and reduce the incidence of occupational exposure to medical workers.

关 键 词：血源性病原体 职业暴露 手术室 医护人员 防护 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]