玉米叶面积系数动态特征及其积温模型的建立  

Dynamic Characteristics of Leaf Area Index in Maize and Its Model Establishment Based on Accumulated Temperature

作　　者：李向岭[1,2] 赵明[2] 李从锋[2] 葛均筑[2] 侯海鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第2期321-330,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118605);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A13)资助

摘　　要：明确不同播期条件下,玉米关键生育期对积温的需求及叶面积系数动态和积温的关系。本研究选用早、中、晚3个熟期不同的玉米品种(益农103、先玉335和登海661)为材料,设早播(5月3日)、中播(5月28日)、晚播(6月22日)3个播种期和4个种植密度(4.5万株hm-2、6.0万株hm-2、7.5万株hm-2和9.0万株hm-2),并进行全生育期的叶面积系数动态调查和记录田间生态因素,分析其叶面积系数动态特征及积温模型。结果表明:(1)利用CurveExpert1.38软件,对3个播期玉米不同处理的相对LAI和相对积温进行动态模拟后可有6个不同型模型,其中Ration模型y=(a+bx)/(1+cx+dx2)具有很好的模拟效果和生物学意义,a值为出苗时的相对LAI值,(a+b)/(1+c+d)为成熟时相对LAI;通过对2008年的试验和另外试验的进一步验证,模拟的准确度(以k表示)均大于0.9392**,精确度(以R2表示)均大于0.9996**。(2)模型中参数a、c值在播期、密度和品种间变异很小;b、d值在播期、品种间变异较大,密度间变异很小,播期和品种主要通过调节参数b、d值实现对整个模拟模型的调控。(3)播期对全生育期的天数、平均温度、积温、平均LAI、LAI变化速率和籽粒产量均具有调节作用;随着播期的推迟,生育天数、积温、平均LAI和籽粒产量呈减少趋势,平均温度呈增加趋势;生育天数和积温表现为登海661>先玉335>益农103,籽粒产量和平均LAI表现为先玉335>登海661>益农103。In order to clarify the demand of accumulated temperature in the growth process of maize cultivars of different maturities and the relationship between leaf area index and accumulated temperature.Three cultivars used（Yinong 103,Xianyu 335,and Denghai 661） were carried,with three sowing dates（May 3rd,May 28th,and June 22nd） and four density treatments（45 000 plants ha-1,60 000 plants ha-1,75 000 plants ha-1,and 90 000 plants ha-1）.The dynamic of leaf area index were measured and the model based on accumulated temperature were established.The LAI and accumulated temperature of different treatments in three planting date were normalized,and the six main models were compared.Results showed that,the Ration model y=（a＋bx）/（1＋cx＋dx2） had a good simulation results and would be used significantly in biological applications,where is relative seedling groups LAI,（a＋ b）/（1＋c＋d） is the relative maturity groups LAI.the accuracy and precision of the normalized model were tested with the data of 2008 and the data of 2007 in Huadian,Jilin,the simulation accuracy（k） was all above 0.9392＊＊,and the precision（R2） was all above 0.9996＊＊.The values of a and c had a slightly difference,however,the values of b and d changed dramatically among sowing dates and among varieties,and a small difference among densities,showing that sowing dates changed the LAI mainly through the values of b and d in maize.Sowing dates regulated the growth days,average temperature,accumulated temperature,average LAI,change rate of LAI and grain yield in different maturity cultivars of maize,when the sowing date delayed,the growth days,accumulated temperature,the average LAI and grain yield were all decreased,the average temperature was increased.The growing days and accumulated temperature showed as Denghai 661〉 Xianyu 335〉 Yinong 103,grain yield and average LAI showed as Xianyu 335 〉 Denghai 661 〉 Yinong 103.

关 键 词：玉米 叶面积系数 活动积温 模型 播期 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]