三个超高产夏玉米品种的干物质生产及光合特性  

Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis Characteristics of Three Hybrids of Maize(Zea mays L.) with Super-High-Yielding Potential

作　　者：杨今胜[1,2] 王永军[2,3] 张吉旺[1] 刘鹏[1] 李从锋[1] 朱元刚[1] 郝梦波[1] 柳京国 李登海 董树亭[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东登海种业股份有限公司/山东省玉米育种与栽培技术重点实验室,山东莱州261448 [3]吉林省农业科学院环资中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第2期355-361,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD31B04);山东省泰山学者岗位(ts200648033);山东省良种产业化项目(2008-7)资助

摘　　要：探明不同株高、穗位高具有超高产潜力(>15000kghm-2)夏玉米品种的物质生产及光合特性,有利于密植增产。本研究在多年高产试验基础上(连续3年达15000kghm-2以上),选用了登海661(DH661,低秆低穗位)、登海701(DH701,中秆中穗位)和先玉335(XY335,高秆高穗位)3个具有超高产潜力的品种进行试验。在一般高产条件下,这3个品种间产量无显著差异,但干物质生产特性的模型解析表明,DH661的产量潜力高于DH701和XY335,其活跃生长期比XY335长近3周。开花后光合特征参数显示,DH661光合作用与光能利用效率明显较高,尤其是当XY335进入生理功能速衰期时(开花后28d),DH661仍处于缓慢下降阶段,且具有较高的光合速率和光能利用效率,DH661的这一特性表明其具有更高的产量潜力。The plant height and ear height are the important factors affecting the grain yield in maize（Zea mays L.） which determined the planting density.Obviously,it is essential for high yield to explore the dry matter production and photosynthesis characteristics of super-high-yielding potential hybrid maize with different plant heights and ear heights.Therefore,a field experiment with 82 500 plant ha^-1 was conducted to evaluate the three hybrids（Denghai 661,DH661,the low-plant height and low-ear height;Denghai 701,DH701,the medium-plant height and medium-ear height;Xianyu 335,XY335,the high-plant height and high-ear height）.The biomass,leaf area index（LAI）,potential photosynthetic capacity（LAD）,gas exchange parameters（light-saturated photosynthetic rate-Psat,stomatal conductance-gs and intercellular CO2 concentration-Ci） and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry-Fv/Fm,PSII efficiency-ΦPSII and photochemical quenching co-efficient-qP） were determined.Yields of the three-type hybrids were over 15 000 kg ha-1,but there were no significant differences among the three hybrids under conventional planting conditions.The results analyzed by Richards model showed that DH661 had the highest yield potential among the three hybrids because its active growth period was about three weeks longer than that of XY335.The yield potential of DH661 was remarkably high from 28 d after anthesis to harvest stage since it remained the higher photosynthesis capability and radiation utilization efficiency,but that of XY335 decreased rapidly.

关 键 词：超高产夏玉米 株高 穗位高 物质生产 光合特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]