天文常数研究的进展——IAU 2009天文常数系统  

Progress on the research work of astronomical constants:IAU 2009 astronomical constant system

作　　者：金文敬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030

出　　处：《天文学进展》2011年第1期71-80,共10页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10878022;10903022;10903030);中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KJCX2-yW-T13)

摘　　要：回顾了1900年以来IAU采用天文常数系统的简况,以及一些天文常数之间的数学关系,并描述了以前每次改变天文常数系统的主要原因。介绍了1991年以来IAU在天文常数方面的工作:包括IAU天文常数工作组和天文常数最佳估计值的情况。叙述了IAU 2009年天文常数系统替代IAU 1976天文常数系统的原因:随着人类对太阳系的探测,获得新的天文常数测定值;1991年以来在相对论框架下BCRS和GCRS的使用;P03岁差模型和MHB2000章动模型的采用。比较了IAU2009和1976天文常数系统的差异。最后介绍中国在天文常数方面工作的情况和今后工作的建议。The situation of astronomical constant system adopted by the IAU since 1900 has been briefly reviewed. The mathematical relation between some astronomical constants and the main reason for the change of astronomical constant system each time in the past are described. Especially, the work on the IAU astronomical constant system, including the establishment of working groups and adoption of the current best estimates since 1991, is introduced. The background of the IAU 2009 astronomical constant system instead of the IAU 1976 astronomical constant system is given. As for this change the reasons are the appearance of new measurements of astronomical constants with exploration of the Solar system, application of the Barycentric Celestial Reference System and Geocentric Celestial Reference System under the relativistic reference frame after 1991 and the adoption of new models for precession and nutation after 2006. The comparison between the IAU 2009 and 1976 astronomical constant system is given. Finally, the work on astronomical constants in China, such as determination of precession constant from proper motion, the definition of astronomical unit under the relativistic reference frame, determination of nutation constant from globe optical classical observations during 1962.0 1982.0, Corrections to the IAU 1976 precession constant and the coefficients of the IAU nutation series from VLBI data by using various networks during April 1980--December 1995, establishment of a new nutation model of a non-rigid earth with ocean and atmosphere etc. is briefly mentioned. Some suggestions for the further work on astronomical constants are proposed as follows： （1） Shanghai Astronomical Observatory （SHAO） incorporates the international organizations of ILRS, IVS and IGS. The globe solution are given from processing the observational data of SLR. GPS and VLBI routinely. By using these globe data not only the Earth Orientation Parameters, plate motion and regional crustal deformation but also the parameters of the

关 键 词：天文常数系统 太阳质心天球参考系 P03岁差模型 MHB2000章动模型 

分 类 号：P129[天文地球—天体测量]