斑嘴鹈鹕引入天鹅湖的试验研究  

Reintroducing pelican Pelecanus philippensis into Swan lake in Shanghai zoo

作　　者：马珺[1] 傅建义 虞坚颐 张琼[1] 俞新华[1] 徐正强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海动物园,上海200335

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2011年第1期31-33,21,共4页Journal of Biology

基　　金：上海市绿化和市容管理局科研项目(编号F090404)

摘　　要：为了确保人工繁育的斑嘴鹈鹕成功引入上海动物园的天鹅湖,于2007年11月至2008年7月对8只2岁的斑嘴鹈鹕在放入天鹅湖前进行了塑料箱取食和天鹅湖水质适应性训练,并在放入天鹅湖后应用所有事件取样法对斑嘴鹈鹕的行为进行观察。取食水质适应性训练结果表明斑嘴鹈鹕生长良好。放入天鹅湖后斑嘴鹈鹕的行为时间分配表明,觅食行为在放入天鹅湖第1个月所占比例最高(44%),第2、第3个月分别为30%、31%,同时其他主要行为时间分配趋于稳定,与一年后天鹅湖中该斑嘴鹈鹕种群的行为时间分配比较无明显差异(P>0.05),表明斑嘴鹈鹕对陌生环境适应期为2-3个月左右。在鹈鹕放入天鹅湖后的第11d和第23d各有1只死亡,引起斑嘴鹈鹕发病并导致死亡的原因是感染棘口吸虫,使用吡喹酮驱虫药进行治疗效果明显。The pelicans（n=8） were reintroduced into the Swan lake in Shanghai zoo after they received adaptive training,foraging sea fishes from plastic boxes with lake water.The time budget of them in the lake was assessed by all-occurrence sampling.The pelicans grew well during adaptive training period.In the first month after reintroduction,foraging occupied the main portion of time（44%）;in the following second and third month,it decreased to 30% and 31%,respectively,while other activities increased.The results showed that the time which the pelicans adapted to a strange environment was 2-3 months.Some pelicans refused to feed food during the first week after reintroduction.It suggested hand-feeding should be necessary.The factors that caused pelicans death was Echinostoma revolutum infection.Feeding the pelicans some praziquantel was very important in the first week after reintroduction.

关 键 词：斑嘴鹈鹕 时间分配 觅食行为 棘口吸虫 感染 

分 类 号：Q959.715[生物学—动物学]