星云湖流域畜禽粪便污染负荷及其环境影响  

Livestock Waste Pollution Loading and Its Environmental Impact in Xingyun Lake Watershed

作　　者：王晋虎[1] 张德华[1] 陈异晖[2] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境学院,昆明650093 [2]云南省环境科学研究院,昆明650034

出　　处：《上海环境科学》2011年第1期12-17,22,共7页Shanghai Environmental Sciences

基　　金：云南省七彩云南环保专项资助，编号：2009-19

摘　　要：从星云湖流域畜禽养殖业现状分析入手,通过排泄系数法原理,估算流域各乡镇的畜禽污染物产生量,进一步核算农田畜禽粪便负荷量,在此基础上,对各乡镇农田畜禽粪便负荷承受程度进行警报与分级。同时,对畜禽养殖对水环境的影响进行了分析,根据各乡镇畜禽粪便污染物的产生量,测算了各地污染物流失进入水体的排放量,为了分析出各类污染物对水体污染的贡献值的大小,引入污染物等标排放量评价方法。结果表明,流域各地畜禽污染物产生量与农田畜禽粪便负荷警报值并不成对应关系,污染物产生量较小的路居镇对环境已达到威胁级别;畜禽污染物流失进入水体的排放量较大,各类污染物中,猪尿排放对水体的影响较大,在各类污染因子里,TP对星云湖的贡献值最大,其次是TN、COD。Based on the present situation of livestock and poultry rearing in Xingyun Lake watershed and the principle of discharge rates, the pollutant generation in each township was estimated to account for the farmland loading of animal manure as well as tolerant alarming and grading. According to livestock waste generation, the runoff of pollutants into the waters was calculated to analyse its influence on the water environment, and the method of standardised equivalent discharging was introduced to measure pollution contributions. The result indicated that there was no corresponding relationship between livestock waste generation and alarming level of the farmland loading, whilst a threat level has been reached in Luju Township where pollutant generation was less. As the runoff of livestock wastes into the waters was quite a good deal, of the various wastes, the dis- charge of pig urine made a substantial contribution to the water pollution, and of the various pollutants, total phosphorus was the most significant factor followed by total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand （COD）.

关 键 词：星云潮流域 畜禽粪便负荷 环境风险评价 污染物水体流失量 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]