西藏几种沙蜥的分类、演化、分布及其与古地史的关系  

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF CLASSIFICATION,PHYLOGENETICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS Phrynocephalus SPP (SAURIA:AGAMIDAE) WITH THE PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL CHANGES DURING CENOZOIC ERA IN TIBET PLATEA U

作　　者：王跃招[1,2] 曾晓茂[1,2] 方自力 吴贯夫[1,2] Theodore J.Papenfuss J.Robert Macey[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所 [2]四川省环境保护科学院 [3]美国加州大学柏克利分校脊椎动物博物馆

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1999年第3期178-185,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;中国科学院生物科学与技术研究特别支持费;中国科学院成都地奥科学基金

摘　　要：西藏地区有沙蜥属３种：西藏沙蜥（Ｐｈｒｙｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉ）、红尾沙蜥（Ｐｅｒｙｔｈｒｕｒｕｓ）和泽当沙蜥（Ｐｚｅｔａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）。根据形态特征和地理分布特点西藏沙蜥又分为西藏沙蜥指名亚种（Ｐｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉ）和１新亚种———西藏沙蜥东方亚种（Ｐｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓｎｏｖｓｓｐ），二者的主要鉴别特征是：①前者后肢贴体前伸达到或超过喉褶而后者则不达喉褶；②前者颊鳞鳞列平均４列而后者为３列；③前者尾长大于或等于头体长而后者尾长短于头体长。西藏沙蜥主要分布在冈底斯－念青唐古拉山脉以南喜玛拉雅山脉以北的狮泉河－雅鲁藏布江流域，其中指名亚种分布在狮泉河流域而东方亚种分布在雅鲁藏布江流域。泽当沙蜥目前仅在模式标本产地发现，红尾沙蜥主要分布在西藏的西北部。长江源区及昆仑山脉是西藏沙蜥种组与青海沙蜥种组的地理分布分界线，其阻限因子是湿度。以南疆沙蜥为外类群，分析了性状的系统发育趋势，在此基础上重建了西藏沙蜥种组的系统发育关系，表明西藏沙蜥种组是单系，其中西藏沙蜥较原始；泽当沙蜥和红尾沙蜥较进化且互为姐妹群，这一演化过程与西藏高原古地理、古气候变迁过程?This paper deals with the classification,distribution and the phylogenetic r elationships among the species of the genus Phrynocephalus in Tibet Plateau with the paleogeographic changes in cenozoic.According to the analysis of 11 mor phological and 1 ecological characters,it is evident that there are three speci es and two subspecies (including a newly described one) of the genus Phrynoce phalus distributed in Tibet Plateau: Phrynocephalus theobaldi theobaldi,P. erythrurus and P.zetangensis as well as P.theobaldi orientalis nov.ss p.The differences between the two subspecies are:①the hind limbs adpressing to head for P.t.orientalis not extending to mouth but for P.t.theobald i it touches mouth;②the average rows of scales on face for P.t.the obal di is 4 and the average rows of scales on face for P.t.orientalis is 3;③ the length of tail of P.t.orientalis shorter than the length of snout ven t and for P.t.theobaldi it is longer than the length of snout vent. P.t heobaldi is distributed between the north side of Himalaya Mountains and south side of GangDise NyainQenTanGlha Mountains; P.erythrurus spreaded between south west side of KunLun Mountains and north side of Gang Dise NyainQenTanGl ha Mountains and P.zetangensis was only found at Zetang.The analysis of phyl ogeny using P.forsythii as outgroup showed that the species group of Phr ynocephalus distributed in Tibet Plateau derived from a common ancestor stock. During Miocene the ancestor of species group of P.theobaldi might be derive d from the common ancestor by geographical vicariance due to the uplift of KunLu n Mountains resulting in the elevational difference.During the time between late Miocene and earlier Pliocene P.erythrurus and P.zetangensis might be d erived from its ancestor by dispersal so that they are sister species group.

关 键 词：西藏 沙蜥属 新亚种 系统发育 

分 类 号：Q959.620.1[生物学—动物学]