中国热带天然林变迁对大气CO_2的影响及经济损益评估  

The Natural Tropical Forest in China and Its Influence to Carbon Dioxide of Atmosphere

作　　者：李意德[1] 吴仲民[1] 周铁烽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林科院热带林业研究所

出　　处：《生态科学》1999年第2期1-7,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：林业部重点项目;国家"八五"攻关子专题;国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：我国目前保存较好的热带天然林（包括热带原始林、结构良好的天然更新林，而不包括疏林、残次林、灌木林等）面积约１１８７万ｈｍ２，其中云南南部约有６０万ｈｍ２，海南中南部山区约有５８７万ｈｍ２。在过去的４５年中，我国的热带原始林面积减少了５０％（约１１０ｈｍ２）。在海南岛尖峰岭的实例结果表明，热带原始林的生态系统的Ｃ素库为３４２ｔ／ｈｍ２（其中，森林群落Ｃ素库为２３４ｔ／ｈｍ２，土壤为１０５ｔ／ｈｍ２，凋落物层为３ｔ／ｈｍ２），系统每年净固定ＣＯ２量为１３３６ｔ／ｈｍ２，折合Ｃ量为０３７３ｔ／ｈｍ２；热带天然更新林生态系统每年净固定ＣＯ２量为７２１３ｔ／ｈｍ２，折合成Ｃ量为１９７ｔ／ｈｍ２。在我国现有的热带天然林生态系统中，森林植被层的Ｃ素库为１４４８亿ｔ，土壤中的Ｃ素库为１４２２亿ｔ，与植被层Ｃ库相当。在减少的热带森林中，Ｃ素库减少了约２２３１亿ｔ、ＣＯ２净同化量减少了０１８３亿ｔ，其经济损益高达２２００亿元。最后从森林与ＣＯ２的关系方面探讨了热带林可持续经营的问题。There are about 1 187 million hectares of natural tropical forest in China now (excluding tropical shrubs and not well regenerative forests),of which 0 6 million hectares distributed in southerm part of Yunnan Province and 0 587 million hectares in Hainan Island.In the past 45 years,more than 1 1 million hectares of original tropical forests disappeared.A case study in Jianfengling of Hainan Island indicated that the carbon pool of a pristine rain forest ecosystem was up to 342 t/hm 2,of which 234 t/hm 2 C fixed in forest layer,3 t/hm 2 in litter layer and 105 t/hm 2 in soil.The pristine system can absorb 1 336 t/(hm 2·a) of carbon dioxide, or 0 373 t/(hm 2·a) C from the air after subtracting the amount of respiration of forest vegetation litter and soil.Another system,a well regenerative rain forest (30 year old),can absorb 7 213 t/(hm 2·a) of carbon dioxide,or 1 97 t/(hm 2·a) C.The total amounts of carbon pool were 144 8 million tons in existing natural tropical forest of China and 142 2 million tons in soils.Among the disappeared forests,it was estimated that about 233 1 million tons of carbon released to atmosphere,and on the other hand,these forests decreased absorption more than 18 3 million tons of carbon by assimilation from air.The disappeared forests brought about the economic loss up to 220 billion Yuan RMB in the aspect of the decrease of CO 2 aborption and release of CO 2 to atmosphere from carbon pool of the forests.At the end of this paper the sustainable management of tropical forest was also discussed based on the relationship between forest and carbon dioxide.

关 键 词：热带天然林 天然林 C素库 CO2排放量 可持续经营 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学] S718.56