长白山红松阔叶林主要树种高度生态位的研究  

Height niche of some tree species in the Korean pine broad leaved forest on Changbai Mountain.

作　　者：吴刚[1] 梁秀英[1] 张旭东[1] 郝占庆[2] 周永斌[2] 尹若波 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态开放研究室 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 [3]山东省林业厅

出　　处：《应用生态学报》1999年第3期262-264,共3页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;中国科学院长白山森林生态系统开放研究站资助项目

摘　　要：森林生态系统内主要乔木的高度生态位反映了不同树种在各个高度资源单位内资源利用的互补情况，同时也是表征森林生态系统演替的趋势及其森林循环过程主要特征之一．生物学特性和生态学特性接近的树种的高度生态位重叠较大，反之则较小．在Ｇａｐ内，色木槭和扭筋槭的高度生态位重叠最大，而青楷槭和千金榆、花楷槭和水曲柳、青楷槭和裂叶榆的高度生态位重叠较小；在非Ｇａｐ生态系统内，青楷槭和白牛槭的高度生态位重叠最大，青楷槭和裂叶榆、青楷槭和千金榆、花楷槭和水曲柳的高度生态位重叠较小．红松和阔叶树之间的高度生态位分离较大，利用资源的方式和能力差异较大，它们之间可以在不同空间的资源利用上达到互补，种间竞争较弱，从而能够保持红松和阔叶树之间长期而稳定的共存．但Ｇａｐ内红松和阔叶树的高度生态位重叠均大于非Ｇａｐ生态系统，可见Ｇａｐ的存在加大了红松和阔叶树之间的种间竞争，减小了红松和阔叶树之间的资源互补利用的能力．Ｇａｐ削弱了个体生态位重叠值较大的树种间的种间竞争。The height niche of trees reflects the complementarity of resource utilization of different tree species in varied height grade in the forest ecosystem, and is also one of the main characteristics of forest succession and cycle. The height niche overlaps are greater between those species that have similar biological and ecological characteristics, and vice versa. In gaps, the height niche overlaps between Acer mono and A.triflorum are the biggest, and comparatively small between A. tegmentosum and Carpinus cordata, A.ukurunduense and Fraxinus mandshurica, and A.tegmentosum and Ulmus laciniata. While in non gaps, the height niche overlaps between A. tegmentosum and A.mandshurica are the biggest, and comparatively small between A.tegmentosum and U.laciniata, A.tegmentosum and C.cordata , and A. ukurunduense and F.mandshurica . The height niche overlaps between Korean pine and most broad leaved trees are comparatively small, which means that, to some extent, Korean pine and most broad leaved trees are compensatory in their utilization of space and ecological resources, which may be one of the mechanisms by which they could coexist persistently. The height niche overlaps between Korean pine and most broad leaved trees in gaps are bigger than in non gaps, showing an evident that the species competition between Korean pine and most broad leave trees are increased by gaps, and that the compensating ability of resources between them are reduced by gaps. Species competition due to the large height niche overlaps is reduced by gaps, while that due to the small height niche overlaps is increased by them.

关 键 词：高度生态位 林冠空隙 红松阔叶林 长白山 

分 类 号：S791.247[农业科学—林木遗传育种]