丘陵山区环境改造灭螺费用-效果评价  

Evaluation on cost-effectiveness of snail control project by environmental modification in hilly regions

作　　者：李水明[1] 陈世军[1] 吴晓军[1] 陈锡庆[1] 章荣平[1] 张建荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省句容市疾病预防控制中心,句容212400

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2011年第1期85-88,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：江苏省卫生厅项目(X200715);江苏省镇江市科学技术局项目(FZ2008009)

摘　　要：目的评价丘陵山区环境改造灭螺费用及效果,为快速阻断丘陵山区血吸虫病传播提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查方法,比较环境改造灭螺前后螺情变化,计算直接投入,以钉螺面积和钉螺密度下降率作为灭螺效果评价指标,并以钉螺面积和钉螺密度下降1个百分点的费用进行费用-效果分析。结果 15个环境改造灭螺工程实施后有12个已无钉螺,钉螺面积下降率为72.22%～100%;其中开新填旧和修筑水库蓄水灭螺工程钉螺面积和钉螺密度下降率均达到100%。15项环境改造灭螺工程总费用为145.08万元,总平均单位面积费用为0.56元/m2。费用-效果分析表明,开新填旧灭螺工程使钉螺面积和钉螺密度下降1个百分点的费用为(0.03～0.07)万元;修筑水库为(0.06～0.26)万元;开挖鱼池为(0.12～0.15)万元;小流域综合治理为(0.09～0.27)万元。开新填旧灭螺的费用显著低于修筑水库蓄水灭螺和小流域综合治理;而修筑水库蓄水灭螺与小流域综合治理则差异无统计学意义。结论山丘地区结合农田水利建设进行环境改造灭螺效果显著,其中费用-效果以开新填旧灭螺工程为优。Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the snail control project by environmental modification in order to provide the evidence for quickly interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in hilly regions.Methods Field investigations were carried out.The changes of the snail habitat areas were compared before and after the snail control project.The direct costs of the snail control were calculated.The reduction rates of snail area and snail density were regarded as the evaluation indexes of the effectiveness.The costs for reduction of 1% of snail area and 1% of snail density were used as the unit for cost-effectiveness analysis.Results After the 15 projects were implemented,there were no snails in 12 areas.The reduction rates of snail areas were 72.22% to 100%.The reduction rates of the snail area and density were both 100% in the areas with digging new ditches to fill up the old ones and building reservoirs.The total cost of 15 projects was 1 450 800 Yuan.The average cost per unit was 0.56 Yuan/m2.After the snail control project by digging new ditches to fill up the old ones was implemented,the costs of snail area and density decreased by one unit were 300-700 Yuan,by building reservoirs,the costs were 600-2 600 Yuan,by building fishpond,the costs were 1 200-1 500 Yuan,by watershed comprehensive measures,the costs were 900-2 700 Yuan.The cost of digging new ditches to fill up the old ones was significantly lower than that of building reservoirs or watershed comprehensive measures,but there was no significant difference between building reservoirs and watershed comprehensive measures.Conclusions In hilly regions,the implementation of snail control project by environmental modification combined with construction of water conservancy is effective,and the cost-effectiveness of the snail control with digging new ditches to fill up the old ones is excellent.

关 键 词：钉螺 血吸虫病 环境改造 费用-效果 评价 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]