磷氮在水田湿地中的迁移转化及径流流失过程  

Phosphorus and nitrogen transfers and runoff losses from rice field wetlands of Chaohu Lake.

作　　者：晏维金[1] 尹澄清[1] 孙濮 韩小勇[2] 夏首先 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心 [2]安徽省水文总站

出　　处：《应用生态学报》1999年第3期312-316,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：水稻田湿地系统是我国东南部高产农业区的主要土地利用类型，是我国特有的景观结构．在巢湖六叉河小流域进行的野外实验结果表明，这一湿地系统的水塘、水沟和水稻田都能有效地截留来自村庄、森林地和旱地的磷氮非点源污染物．实验同时研究了磷氮物质从水稻田中的径流流失方式和机理，结果发现磷氮物质从水稻田中的径流流失量与水稻田持水量、施肥量、降雨量、水稻生长过程和水稻田排水堰高度等因素有关，并提出了一个模型计算磷氮径流流失量，表明在施肥情况下的磷氮流失量分别高达０．６９和１１．２ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２，是最大的潜在非点源污染．Rice field wetland system is the main land use type in the high product agricultural watersheds of Southerneast China. Field experiments show that rice fields, ditches and multipond systems can effectively retain nonpoint phosphorus(P) and nitrogen (N) pollution from different land uses in a subwatershed of Chaohu Lake. The mechanisms of P and N transfers and runoff losses from rice fields are mainly studied. By the analysis of P and N dynamics in rice fields, it was found that P and N loads in runoff were depended on field water level, applied fertilizer amount, precipitation, rice growth process, and height of field overflow mouth. A simple model was built to calculate the quantity of P and N loads in runoff from rice fields. It shows that the total loads can reach 0.69 and 11.2kg·hm -2 for P and N respectively under the condition of applying fertilizers, which is the potential effect on Chaohu Lake eutrophication.

关 键 词：磷 氮 水稻田 模型 迁移 径流流失 

分 类 号：S155.42[农业科学—土壤学]