绿色织物柔软剂的合成及其生物降解性  

Synthesis and biodegradability of an eco-friendly fabric softener

作　　者：周飞[1] 王钦钦[1] 张芝利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第1期61-63,70,共4页Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：陕西省科技攻关项目(编号:2009K06-15);陕西省教育厅自然科学专项基金资助项目(编号:09JK472)

摘　　要：合成了一种可生物降解的绿色织物柔软剂:N,N′-二软脂酸乙酯-N,N′-二羟乙基氯化铵,替代目前国内广泛使用的难以降解的柔软剂———双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D1821).利用三乙醇胺和软脂酸的酯化反应合成软脂酸三乙醇胺双酯,再利用氯乙醇季铵化合成了目的物软脂酸三乙醇胺双酯季铵盐(EPH).研究了EPH的最佳合成条件和生物降解率.采用手感评价法评价了EPH的性能,并采用活性污泥法检测了EPH的生物降解性.酯化反应的最佳工艺参数为φ(软脂酸)∶φ(三乙醇胺)=2.3∶10.0,温度为120℃,反应时间为6 h,在此条件下双酯质量分数达到50%以上.季铵化的最佳条件为φ(氯乙醇)∶φ(酯化产物)=1∶1,温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,在此条件下季铵化率达到90%以上.一周以后EPH的生物降解率可达到90%以上,而D1821在相同条件下的降解率仅为5%.EPH在柔软性能上与D1821相当,生物降解率远远高于后者,理论上完全可以代替D1821.To improve the biodegradability of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D1821) most widely used as fabric softener,a new replacer,N,N'-diethyl palmitate-N,N'-dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride (EPH) is synthesized.Triethanolamine double palmitic acid ester (TDPE) is synthesized by the esterification of triethanolamine with palmitic acid.The quaternization of TDPE is carried out using ethylene chlorohydrin.The optimized conditions of these reactions are investigated.The optimized conditions of esterification:the molar ratio of palmitic acid to triethanolamine is 2.3∶1,the reaction temperature is 120 ℃,the reaction time is 6 h.Under these conditions,the yield rate of triethanolamine double palmitic acid ester is more than 50%..The optimized conditions of quaternization:the molar ratio of ethylene chlorohydrin to TDPE is 1∶1,the reaction temperature is 80 ℃,the reaction time is 4 h.Under these conditions,the yield rate of TDPE is more than 90%.The softening performance of EPH is approximately quite with D1821.The biodegradation percentage of EPH is higher than 90% after a week,but that of D1821 is only 5% under the same conditions.So EPH can completely used as the replacer of D1821.

关 键 词：织物柔软剂 柔软性 生物降解性 

分 类 号：TS103.847.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]