稻鸭鱼共栖生态系统中蜘蛛的动态变化规律及其数学模型的建立  

The Changing Rules of Spider′s Developing and the Establishment of its Maths Model in Rice-Duck-Fish Commensalisms Ecosystem

作　　者：张艳[1] 刘达[1] 刘大志[1] 刘小燕[2] 黄璜[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省桃江县农业局,湖南桃江413400 [2]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院 [3]湖南农业大学农学院

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2011年第3期27-29,31,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家863项目(863-306-ZD05-3-E);国家自然科学基金资助项目(39670142)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,对稻鸭鱼共栖生态系统中蜘蛛的数量变化进行了详细的记录,并运用Logistic方程,建立了相应生态系统中蜘蛛增长的数学模型。经数据分析,结果表明:稻鸭鱼共栖生态系统中蜘蛛总量参数为:环境容纳量K=893.813 7,自然增长率r=0.137 3,蜘蛛总数量方程为:Nt=893.8137/1+e3.6331-0.1373t;稻鱼共栖生态系统中蜘蛛总量参数为:环境容纳量K=936.371 2,自然增长率r=0.153 2,方程为:Nt=936.3712/1+e3.9799-0.1532t;而常规用药的稻田中蜘蛛由于受药物作用的影响,环境容纳量K值不稳定,K为变化曲线,即:K=444.2196-0.12624t3+21.277t2-1191.4t+22278(t<41)(t≥41),自然增长率r=0.063 1,方程为Nt=K/1+e1.6263-0.0631t。研究结果表明:常规用药区比稻-鱼区和稻-鸭-鱼区蜘蛛的自然增长率分别低58.8%和54.0%,化学农药在杀灭害虫的同时也杀死了蜘蛛,破坏了稻田生态环境。稻鸭鱼共栖有利于稻田生态系统中蜘蛛的生长。Through farm trial,the quantity of spiders in rice-duck-fish commensalisms ecosystem was recorded detailedly and logistic equation was exerted to establish maths model of spider′s increasing in the connected ecosystem.By analyzing these data,the calculated results showed that the parameter of spiders′ total amount in rice-duck-fish commensalisms ecosystem was environment acceptance K was 893.813 7,ratio of natural increase r=0.137 3,equation of spider′s total amount was Nt=893.8137/1＋e3.6331-0.1373t;the parameter of spiders′ total amount in rice-fish commensalisms ecosystem was environment acceptance K=936.371 2,ratio of natural increase r=0.153 2,equation was Nt=936.3712/1＋e3.9799-0.1532t;while in paddyfield which were generally used pesticides,the spiders was effected by it and the environment acceptance K was not stable,K was a changed curve,that was K=444.2196-0.12624t3＋21.277t2-1191.4t＋22278（t41）（t≥41）,the ratio of natural increase r=0.063 1,the equation was Nt=K/1＋e1.6263-0.0631t.The research results indicated that the rate of natural increase of the area which generally used pesticides was lower by 58.8% and 54.0% than that of rice-fish area and rice-duck-fish area respectively.Chemical pesticides killed the spider while killed the pest,damaged the paddyfield entironment.Hence rice-duck-fish commensalisms are propitious to the growth of spiders in payydfield entironment.

关 键 词：稻鸭鱼共栖 生态系统 蜘蛛 自然增长率 数学模型 

分 类 号：Q141[生物学—生态学] S435.112[生物学—普通生物学]