聚苯胺纳米材料的合成与应用  

Synthetic Methods and Application of the Nano-Polyaniline

作　　者：李程[1] 杨小刚[2] 黄文君[1] 王犇[1] 李程’,杨小刚.,黄文君’,王彝’ 

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院,山东青岛266042 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《微纳电子技术》2011年第2期92-97,117,共7页Micronanoelectronic Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAB27B02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-210)

摘　　要：详细介绍了聚苯胺纳米材料的结构和各种合成方法,并进行了分类,如化学氧化聚合法、电化学聚合法、辐射合成法、声化学聚合法、物理聚合法和酶催化聚合法等。分析了各种合成方法的起源、发展以及最新的研究成果。总结了不同制备方法的优点和不足。综述了聚苯胺纳米材料在传感器、电磁屏蔽和金属防腐等领域的应用。同时,对聚苯胺合成研究的发展方向进行了展望:常用的化学氧化合成法虽能通过控制反应条件,合成多种具有独特形貌的聚苯胺纳米材料,但产量较小,不利于其应用性能研究。因此,优化化学氧化聚合法的反应条件,使其能够大规模生产具有特定形貌的聚苯胺纳米材料必将成为研究热点。The structure and synthetic methods of the nano-polyaniline are reviewed,and the synthetic methods are classified as the chemical oxidative polymerization,electrochemical polymerization,radiative polymerization,sonochemical polymerization,physical polymerization and enzymatic polymerization.The origins,evolvements and latest productions of the methods are discussed particularly.The advantage and disadvantage of each method are also summarized.The applications of the nano-polyaniline in the sensors,electromagnetic shielding,metal anticorrosion and other fields are summarized,and the research development of the synthetic methods for the polyaniline is prospected.According to the research at present,the chemical oxidative polymerization is usually used to synthesize the polyaniline,and various nano-polyanilines with specific structures are acquired expediently by controlling reaction conditions.However,the yield is small and it is not propitious to the application of the polyaniline.Therefore,the optimization of the appropriate reaction conditions for the chemical oxidative polymerization to increase the yield on a large scale will become the hot research in future.

关 键 词：纳米材料 导电高分子 聚苯胺 化学氧化聚合法 电化学聚合法 模板法 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] O633.21[理学—高分子化学]